Journal ArticleDOI
Cryogenic optical lattice clocks
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In this paper, a pair of 87Sr optical lattice clocks with a statistical agreement of 2'×'10−18 within 6'000's has been developed.Abstract:
A pair of 87Sr optical lattice clocks with a statistical agreement of 2 × 10−18 within 6,000 s has been developed. To this end, the behaviour of the blackbody radiation—a major perturbation for optical lattice clocks—was directly investigated. The accuracy of atomic clocks relies on the superb reproducibility of atomic spectroscopy, which is accomplished by careful control and the elimination of environmental perturbations on atoms. To date, individual atomic clocks have achieved a 10−18 level of total uncertainties1,2, but a two-clock comparison at the 10−18 level has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate optical lattice clocks with 87Sr atoms interrogated in a cryogenic environment to address the blackbody radiation-induced frequency shift3, which remains the primary source of systematic uncertainty2,4,5,6 and has initiated vigorous theoretical7,8 and experimental9,10 investigations. The systematic uncertainty for the cryogenic clock is evaluated to be 7.2 × 10−18, which is expedited by operating two such cryo-clocks synchronously11,12. After 11 measurements performed over a month, statistical agreement between the two cryo-clocks reached 2.0 × 10−18. Such clocks' reproducibility is a major step towards developing accurate clocks at the low 10−18 level, and is directly applicable as a means for relativistic geodesy13.read more
Citations
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Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
Marianna Safronova,Dmitry Budker,David DeMille,Derek F. Jackson Kimball,Andrei Derevianko,Charles W. Clark +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the application of atomic physics to address important challenges in physics and to look for variations in the fundamental constants, search for interactions beyond the standard model of particle physics and test the principles of general relativity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2 × 10 −18 total uncertainty
Travis Nicholson,Travis Nicholson,Sara Campbell,Sara Campbell,Ross B. Hutson,Ross B. Hutson,G. E. Marti,G. E. Marti,Benjamin Bloom,Benjamin Bloom,Benjamin Bloom,Rees McNally,Rees McNally,Wei Zhang,Wei Zhang,Murray D. Barrett,Murray D. Barrett,Marianna Safronova,Marianna Safronova,Gregory F. Strouse,Weston L. Tew,Jun Ye,Jun Ye +22 more
TL;DR: This work performs a new accuracy evaluation of the JILA Sr clock, reducing many systematic uncertainties that limited previous measurements, such as those in the lattice ac Stark shift, the atoms' thermal environment and the atomic response to room-temperature blackbody radiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level
W. F. McGrew,W. F. McGrew,Xiaogang Zhang,Xiaogang Zhang,R. J. Fasano,R. J. Fasano,Stefan A. Schäffer,Stefan A. Schäffer,K. Beloy,Daniele Nicolodi,Daniele Nicolodi,Roger C. Brown,Roger C. Brown,N. Hinkley,N. Hinkley,Gianmaria Milani,Gianmaria Milani,Marco Schioppo,Marco Schioppo,Tai Hyun Yoon,Tai Hyun Yoon,Andrew D. Ludlow,Andrew D. Ludlow +22 more
TL;DR: Local optical clock measurements that surpass the current ability to account for the gravitational distortion of space-time across the surface of Earth are demonstrated and improved techniques allow the measurement of a frequency difference with an uncertainty of the order of 10–19 between two independent optical lattice clocks, suggesting that they may be able to improve state-of-the-art geodetic techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science.
Christian Lisdat,Gesine Grosche,Nicolas Quintin,C. Shi,S. M. F. Raupach,Christian Grebing,Daniele Nicolodi,Fabio Stefani,Fabio Stefani,A. Al-Masoudi,S. Dörscher,Sebastian Häfner,Jean-Luc Robyr,Nicola Chiodo,S. Bilicki,E. Bookjans,A. Koczwara,Sebastian Koke,A. Kuhl,Fabrice Wiotte,F. Meynadier,Emilie Camisard,M. Abgrall,M. Lours,Thomas Legero,Harald Schnatz,Uwe Sterr,Heiner Denker,C. Chardonnet,Y. Le Coq,Giorgio Santarelli,Anne Amy-Klein,R. Le Targat,Jérôme Lodewyck,Olivier Lopez,Paul-Eric Pottie +35 more
TL;DR: The capability of performing high resolution international clock comparisons paves the way for a redefinition of the unit of time and an all-optical dissemination of the SI-second.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geodesy and metrology with a transportable optical clock
Jacopo Grotti,Silvio Koller,Stefan Vogt,Sebastian Häfner,Uwe Sterr,Christian Lisdat,Heiner Denker,Christian Voigt,Ludger Timmen,Antoine Rolland,Fred N. Baynes,Helen S. Margolis,Michel Zampaolo,Pierre Thoumany,Marco Pizzocaro,Benjamin Rauf,Filippo Bregolin,Anna Tampellini,Piero Barbieri,Massimo Zucco,Giovanni Antonio Costanzo,Cecilia Clivati,Filippo Levi,Davide Calonico +23 more
TL;DR: The first field measurement campaign with a transportable optical lattice clock was reported in this article, where the authors used it to determine the gravity potential difference between the middle of a mountain and a location 90 km away.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Frequency Ratio of Al+ and Hg+ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place
Till Rosenband,David Hume,Piet O. Schmidt,Chin-Wen Chou,A. Brusch,Luca Lorini,Windell H. Oskay,Robert E. Drullinger,Tara M. Fortier,Jason Stalnaker,Scott A. Diddams,William C. Swann,Nathan R. Newbury,Wayne M. Itano,David J. Wineland,J. C. Bergquist +15 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10 −18 level
Benjamin Bloom,Benjamin Bloom,Travis Nicholson,Travis Nicholson,Jason Williams,Jason Williams,Jason Williams,Sara Campbell,Sara Campbell,Michael Bishof,Michael Bishof,Xin Zhang,Xin Zhang,Wei Zhang,Wei Zhang,Sarah L. Bromley,Sarah L. Bromley,Jun Ye,Jun Ye +18 more
TL;DR: This work demonstrates a many-atom system that achieves an accuracy of 6.4 × 10−18, which is not only better than a single-ion-based clock, but also reduces the required measurement time by two orders of magnitude.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frequency Comparison of Two High-Accuracy Al+ Optical Clocks
TL;DR: An optical clock with a fractional frequency inaccuracy of 8.6x10{-18}, based on quantum logic spectroscopy of an Al+ ion, is constructed, consistent with the accuracy limit of the older clock.
Journal ArticleDOI
An atomic clock with $10^{-18}$ instability
N. Hinkley,N. Hinkley,Jeff Sherman,N. B. Phillips,Marco Schioppo,Nathan D. Lemke,K. Beloy,Marco Pizzocaro,Marco Pizzocaro,Christopher W. Oates,Andrew D. Ludlow +10 more
TL;DR: The development and operation of two optical lattice clocks are described, both using spin-polarized, ultracold atomic ytterbium, and an unprecedented atomic clock instability of 1.6 × 10–18 after only 7 hours of averaging is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical clocks and relativity
TL;DR: Using the precision of state-of-the-art optical clocks, Chou et al. have confirmed that relativistic effects can now be measured at speeds attained by 100 meters sprinters and gravitational effects due to just one meter height difference and can now also detect time dilation due to a change in height near Earth’s surface of less than 1 meter.
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