Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Michael McCrea,Michael McCrea,Stephen W. Marshall,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,William B. Barr,James A. Onate,James P. Kelly,James P. Kelly +11 more
TLDR
This study suggests thatPlayers with a history of previous concussions are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history; 1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same playing season; and previous concussion may be associated with slower recovery of neurological function.Abstract:
ContextApproximately 300 000 sport-related concussions occur annually
in the United States, and the likelihood of serious sequelae may increase
with repeated head injury.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of concussion and time to recovery after concussion
in collegiate football players.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of 2905 football players from 25 US colleges
were tested at preseason baseline in 1999, 2000, and 2001 on a variety of
measures and followed up prospectively to ascertain concussion occurrence.
Players injured with a concussion were monitored until their concussion symptoms
resolved and were followed up for repeat concussions until completion of their
collegiate football career or until the end of the 2001 football season.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of concussion and repeat concusion; type and duration of symptoms
and course of recovery among players who were injured with a concussion during
the seasons.ResultsDuring follow-up of 4251 player-seasons, 184 players (6.3%) had a concussion,
and 12 (6.5%) of these players had a repeat concussion within the same season.
There was an association between reported number of previous concussions and
likelihood of incident concussion. Players reporting a history of 3 or more
previous concussions were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.6) times more
likely to have an incident concussion than players with no concussion history.
Headache was the most commonly reported symptom at the time of injury (85.2%),
and mean overall symptom duration was 82 hours. Slowed recovery was associated
with a history of multiple previous concussions (30.0% of those with ≥3
previous concussions had symptoms lasting >1 week compared with 14.6% of those
with 1 previous concussion). Of the 12 incident within-season repeat concussions,
11 (91.7%) occurred within 10 days of the first injury, and 9 (75.0%) occurred
within 7 days of the first injury.ConclusionsOur study suggests that players with a history of previous concussions
are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history;
1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same
playing season; and previous concussions may be associated with slower recovery
of neurological function.read more
Citations
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Exposure to American Football and Neuropsychiatric Health in Former National Football League Players: Findings From the Football Players Health Study.
Andrea L. Roberts,Alvaro Pascual-Leone,Frank E. Speizer,Ross Zafonte,Aaron L. Baggish,Herman A. Taylor,Lee M. Nadler,Theodore K. Courtney,Ann Connor,Rachel Grashow,Alexandra Stillman,Dean A. Marengi,Marc G. Weisskopf +12 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that seasons of play and playing position in the NFL are associated with lasting neuropsychiatric health deficits, and poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety appear to be associated with concussion in the long term.
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Premorbid predictors of postconcussion symptoms in collegiate athletes.
TL;DR: Findings show that certain baseline characteristics of athletes confer risk for greater symptomatology postconcussion, and knowledge of these risk factors can assist the management and treatment of sports-related concussion.
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Head rotational acceleration characteristics influence behavioral and diffusion tensor imaging outcomes following concussion
Brian D. Stemper,Alok S. Shah,Frank A. Pintar,Michael McCrea,Shekar N. Kurpad,Aleksandra Glavaski-Joksimovic,Christopher M. Olsen,Matthew D. Budde +7 more
TL;DR: The findings demonstrate that the consequences of rotational acceleration mTBI were more closely associated with duration of therotational acceleration impulse, which is often neglected as an independent factor, and highlight the need for animal models of TBI with strong biomechanical foundations to associate behavioral outcomes with brain microstructure.
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Value of neuropsychological testing after head injuries in football
TL;DR: The issues involved in interpreting the results of neuropsychological testing (comparison with population norms versus player’s own baseline test results) and potential problems of such testing in football are discussed.
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Cognitive-motor integration deficits in young adult athletes following concussion
TL;DR: The use of cognitive motor integration as an enhanced assessment tool for those who may have mild brain dysfunction is supported, as such a task may provide a more sensitive metric of performance relevant to daily function than what is currently in use.
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Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
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TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 1631 football players from 15 US colleges found that players with concussions exhibited more severe symptoms (mean GSC score 20.93 [95% confidence interval {CI, 15.65-26.21] points higher than that of controls), cognitive impairments (mean SAC score 2.94 [ 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.06], cognitive functioning improved to baseline levels within 5 to 7 days (day 7 SAC mean difference, −0.33;
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