Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Michael McCrea,Michael McCrea,Stephen W. Marshall,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,William B. Barr,James A. Onate,James P. Kelly,James P. Kelly +11 more
TLDR
This study suggests thatPlayers with a history of previous concussions are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history; 1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same playing season; and previous concussion may be associated with slower recovery of neurological function.Abstract:
ContextApproximately 300 000 sport-related concussions occur annually
in the United States, and the likelihood of serious sequelae may increase
with repeated head injury.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of concussion and time to recovery after concussion
in collegiate football players.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of 2905 football players from 25 US colleges
were tested at preseason baseline in 1999, 2000, and 2001 on a variety of
measures and followed up prospectively to ascertain concussion occurrence.
Players injured with a concussion were monitored until their concussion symptoms
resolved and were followed up for repeat concussions until completion of their
collegiate football career or until the end of the 2001 football season.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of concussion and repeat concusion; type and duration of symptoms
and course of recovery among players who were injured with a concussion during
the seasons.ResultsDuring follow-up of 4251 player-seasons, 184 players (6.3%) had a concussion,
and 12 (6.5%) of these players had a repeat concussion within the same season.
There was an association between reported number of previous concussions and
likelihood of incident concussion. Players reporting a history of 3 or more
previous concussions were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.6) times more
likely to have an incident concussion than players with no concussion history.
Headache was the most commonly reported symptom at the time of injury (85.2%),
and mean overall symptom duration was 82 hours. Slowed recovery was associated
with a history of multiple previous concussions (30.0% of those with ≥3
previous concussions had symptoms lasting >1 week compared with 14.6% of those
with 1 previous concussion). Of the 12 incident within-season repeat concussions,
11 (91.7%) occurred within 10 days of the first injury, and 9 (75.0%) occurred
within 7 days of the first injury.ConclusionsOur study suggests that players with a history of previous concussions
are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history;
1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same
playing season; and previous concussions may be associated with slower recovery
of neurological function.read more
Citations
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Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Soldiers Returning from Iraq
Charles W. Hoge,Dennis McGurk,Jeffrey L. Thomas,Anthony L. Cox,Charles C. Engel,Carl A. Castro +5 more
TL;DR: Mildtraumatic brain injury occurring among soldiers deployed in Iraq is strongly associated with PTSD and physical health problems 3 to 4 months after the soldiers return home, and after adjustment for PTSD and depression, mild traumatic brain injury was no longer significantly associated with these physical health outcomes or symptoms, except for headache.
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Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport - The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012
Paul McCrory,Willem H. Meeuwisse,Mark Aubry,Bob Cantu,Jiří Dvořák,Ruben J. Echemendia,Lars Engebretsen,Lars Engebretsen,Karen M. Johnston,Jeff Kutcher,Martin Raftery,Allen K. Sills,Brian W. Benson,Gavin A Davis,Richard G. Ellenbogen,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Stanley A. Herring,Grant L. Iverson,Barry D. Jordan,Barry D. Jordan,James Kissick,Michael McCrea,Andrew S. McIntosh,Andrew S. McIntosh,David Maddocks,Michael Makdissi,Michael Makdissi,Laura Purcell,Margot Putukian,Margot Putukian,Kathryn J Schneider,Charles H. Tator,Michael Turner +32 more
TL;DR: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012 was attended by Paul McCrory, Willem H Meeuwisse, Mark Aubry, Jiří Dvořák, Ruben J Echemendia, Lars Engebretsen, Karen Johnston, Jeffrey S Kutcher, Martin Raftery, Allen Sills and Kathryn Schneider.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consensus statement on concussion in sport
Paul McCrory,Willem H. Meeuwisse,Mark Aubry,Bob Cantu,Jiří Dvořák,Ruben J. Echemendia,Lars Engebretsen,Karen M. Johnston,Jeffrey S. Kutcher,Martin Raftery,Allen Sills,Brian W. Benson,Gavin A Davis,Richard G. Ellenbogen,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Stanley A. Herring,Grant L. Iverson,Barry D. Jordan,James Kissick,Michael McCrea,Andrew S. McIntosh,David Maddocks,Michael Makdissi,Laura Purcell,Margot Putukian,Kathryn J Schneider,Charles H. Tator,Michael Turner +27 more
TL;DR: This paper is a revision and update of the recommendations developed following the 1st (Vienna 2001), 2nd (Prague 2004) and 3rd (Zurich 2008) International Consensus Conferences on Concussions in Sport and is based on the deliberations at the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012.
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury.
Ann C. McKee,Robert C. Cantu,Christopher J. Nowinski,E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte,Brandon E. Gavett,Andrew E. Budson,Veronica Santini,H. J. Lee,Caroline A. Kubilus,Robert S. Stern +9 more
TL;DR: This work reviews 48 cases of neuropathologically verified CTE recorded in the literature and document the detailed findings of CTE in 3 professionalathletes, 1 football player and 2 boxers.
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Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Michael McCrea,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Stephen W. Marshall,William B. Barr,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,James A. Onate,Jingzhen Yang,James P. Kelly +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 1631 football players from 15 US colleges found that players with concussions exhibited more severe symptoms (mean GSC score 20.93 [95% confidence interval {CI, 15.65-26.21] points higher than that of controls), cognitive impairments (mean SAC score 2.94 [ 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.06], cognitive functioning improved to baseline levels within 5 to 7 days (day 7 SAC mean difference, −0.33;
References
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Journal Article
Minor Head Injuries in Sports.
TL;DR: This chapter describes the incidence, diagnosis, and management of cerebral concussions and a scheme for grading the severity of a concussion is presented.
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