Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Michael McCrea,Michael McCrea,Stephen W. Marshall,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,William B. Barr,James A. Onate,James P. Kelly,James P. Kelly +11 more
TLDR
This study suggests thatPlayers with a history of previous concussions are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history; 1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same playing season; and previous concussion may be associated with slower recovery of neurological function.Abstract:
ContextApproximately 300 000 sport-related concussions occur annually
in the United States, and the likelihood of serious sequelae may increase
with repeated head injury.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of concussion and time to recovery after concussion
in collegiate football players.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of 2905 football players from 25 US colleges
were tested at preseason baseline in 1999, 2000, and 2001 on a variety of
measures and followed up prospectively to ascertain concussion occurrence.
Players injured with a concussion were monitored until their concussion symptoms
resolved and were followed up for repeat concussions until completion of their
collegiate football career or until the end of the 2001 football season.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of concussion and repeat concusion; type and duration of symptoms
and course of recovery among players who were injured with a concussion during
the seasons.ResultsDuring follow-up of 4251 player-seasons, 184 players (6.3%) had a concussion,
and 12 (6.5%) of these players had a repeat concussion within the same season.
There was an association between reported number of previous concussions and
likelihood of incident concussion. Players reporting a history of 3 or more
previous concussions were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.6) times more
likely to have an incident concussion than players with no concussion history.
Headache was the most commonly reported symptom at the time of injury (85.2%),
and mean overall symptom duration was 82 hours. Slowed recovery was associated
with a history of multiple previous concussions (30.0% of those with ≥3
previous concussions had symptoms lasting >1 week compared with 14.6% of those
with 1 previous concussion). Of the 12 incident within-season repeat concussions,
11 (91.7%) occurred within 10 days of the first injury, and 9 (75.0%) occurred
within 7 days of the first injury.ConclusionsOur study suggests that players with a history of previous concussions
are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history;
1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same
playing season; and previous concussions may be associated with slower recovery
of neurological function.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Persistent effects of playing football and associated (subconcussive) head trauma on brain structure and function: a systematic review of the literature
TL;DR: Combining neuroimaging techniques with neurocognitive testing in prospective studies seems most promising to further clarify on the impact of football on the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk factors for concussive symptoms 1 week or longer in high school athletes.
TL;DR: Risk factors for concussive symptoms ≥1 week are identifiable and can potentially be used to prognosticate for athletes and design evidence-based return-to-play guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrophysiological abnormalities in well functioning multiple concussed athletes.
TL;DR: The persistence of sub-clinical abnormalities on ERP components despite normal overt functioning may indicate sub-optimal compensation in multiple concussed athletes and leave them vulnerable to subsequent concussions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effectiveness of mouthguards in reducing neurocognitive deficits following sports-related cerebral concussion.
Jason P. Mihalik,Meghan A. McCaffrey,Eric M. Rivera,Jamie E. Pardini,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Michael W. Collins,Mark R. Lovell +6 more
TL;DR: It was found in this study that mouthguard use does not decrease the severity of concussion, but it is important to note that the use of mouthguards is paramount in reducing maxillofacial and dental trauma and their use should continue to be mandated by athletic associations and supported by all dental and sports medicine professionals.
Book ChapterDOI
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Pieter E. Vos,Yuri Alekseenko,L. Battistin,E. Ehler,F. Gerstenbrand,Dafin F. Muresanu,A. Potapov,C.-H. A. Stepan,P. Traubner,László Vécsei,K. von Wild +10 more
TL;DR: It is important to carefully consider a multitude of factors that can cause or maintain symptom reporting long after an MTBI before concluding that a person is likely to have permanent damage to the function of his or her brain.
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Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Michael McCrea,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Stephen W. Marshall,William B. Barr,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,James A. Onate,Jingzhen Yang,James P. Kelly +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 1631 football players from 15 US colleges found that players with concussions exhibited more severe symptoms (mean GSC score 20.93 [95% confidence interval {CI, 15.65-26.21] points higher than that of controls), cognitive impairments (mean SAC score 2.94 [ 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.06], cognitive functioning improved to baseline levels within 5 to 7 days (day 7 SAC mean difference, −0.33;
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