Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Michael McCrea,Michael McCrea,Stephen W. Marshall,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,William B. Barr,James A. Onate,James P. Kelly,James P. Kelly +11 more
TLDR
This study suggests thatPlayers with a history of previous concussions are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history; 1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same playing season; and previous concussion may be associated with slower recovery of neurological function.Abstract:
ContextApproximately 300 000 sport-related concussions occur annually
in the United States, and the likelihood of serious sequelae may increase
with repeated head injury.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of concussion and time to recovery after concussion
in collegiate football players.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of 2905 football players from 25 US colleges
were tested at preseason baseline in 1999, 2000, and 2001 on a variety of
measures and followed up prospectively to ascertain concussion occurrence.
Players injured with a concussion were monitored until their concussion symptoms
resolved and were followed up for repeat concussions until completion of their
collegiate football career or until the end of the 2001 football season.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of concussion and repeat concusion; type and duration of symptoms
and course of recovery among players who were injured with a concussion during
the seasons.ResultsDuring follow-up of 4251 player-seasons, 184 players (6.3%) had a concussion,
and 12 (6.5%) of these players had a repeat concussion within the same season.
There was an association between reported number of previous concussions and
likelihood of incident concussion. Players reporting a history of 3 or more
previous concussions were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.6) times more
likely to have an incident concussion than players with no concussion history.
Headache was the most commonly reported symptom at the time of injury (85.2%),
and mean overall symptom duration was 82 hours. Slowed recovery was associated
with a history of multiple previous concussions (30.0% of those with ≥3
previous concussions had symptoms lasting >1 week compared with 14.6% of those
with 1 previous concussion). Of the 12 incident within-season repeat concussions,
11 (91.7%) occurred within 10 days of the first injury, and 9 (75.0%) occurred
within 7 days of the first injury.ConclusionsOur study suggests that players with a history of previous concussions
are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history;
1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same
playing season; and previous concussions may be associated with slower recovery
of neurological function.read more
Citations
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Timing of Concussion Diagnosis is Related to Head Impact Exposure Prior to Injury
Jonathan G. Beckwith,Richard M. Greenwald,Jeffrey J. Chu,Joseph J. Crisco,Steven Rowson,Stefan M. Duma,Steven P. Broglio,Thomas W. McAllister,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Jason P. Mihalik,Scott A. Anderson,Brock Schnebel,P. Gunnar Brolinson,Michael W. Collins +13 more
TL;DR: Conussions diagnosed immediately after an impact event are associated with the highest kinematic measures, whereas those characterized by delayed diagnosis are preceded by a higher number of impacts.
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Effects of heading exposure and previous concussions on neuropsychological performance among Norwegian elite footballers
TL;DR: Computerised neuroPsychological testing revealed no evidence of neuropsychological impairment due to heading exposure or previous concussions in a cohort of Norwegian professional football players.
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Baseline neuropsychological testing in managing sport-related concussion: does it modify risk?
TL;DR: The use of baseline neuropsychological testing is not likely to diminish risk, and to the extent that there is a risk associated with "premature" return-to-play, the use of these measures even may increase that risk in some cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compliance with return to play guidelines following concussion in US high school athletes, 2005–2008
Ellen E. Yard,R. Dawn Comstock +1 more
TL;DR: Too many adolescent athletes are failing to comply with recommended return-to-play guidelines and sports medicine professionals, parents, coaches and sports administrators must work together to ensure athletes follow recommended guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Return to full functioning after graded exercise assessment and progressive exercise treatment of postconcussion syndrome.
TL;DR: Exercise assessment and aerobic exercise training for postconcussion syndrome may reduce concussion-related physiological dysfunction and symptoms by restoring autonomic balance and improving cerebral blood flow autoregulation.
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Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Michael McCrea,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Stephen W. Marshall,William B. Barr,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,James A. Onate,Jingzhen Yang,James P. Kelly +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 1631 football players from 15 US colleges found that players with concussions exhibited more severe symptoms (mean GSC score 20.93 [95% confidence interval {CI, 15.65-26.21] points higher than that of controls), cognitive impairments (mean SAC score 2.94 [ 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.06], cognitive functioning improved to baseline levels within 5 to 7 days (day 7 SAC mean difference, −0.33;
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