Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Michael McCrea,Michael McCrea,Stephen W. Marshall,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,William B. Barr,James A. Onate,James P. Kelly,James P. Kelly +11 more
TLDR
This study suggests thatPlayers with a history of previous concussions are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history; 1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same playing season; and previous concussion may be associated with slower recovery of neurological function.Abstract:
ContextApproximately 300 000 sport-related concussions occur annually
in the United States, and the likelihood of serious sequelae may increase
with repeated head injury.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of concussion and time to recovery after concussion
in collegiate football players.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of 2905 football players from 25 US colleges
were tested at preseason baseline in 1999, 2000, and 2001 on a variety of
measures and followed up prospectively to ascertain concussion occurrence.
Players injured with a concussion were monitored until their concussion symptoms
resolved and were followed up for repeat concussions until completion of their
collegiate football career or until the end of the 2001 football season.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of concussion and repeat concusion; type and duration of symptoms
and course of recovery among players who were injured with a concussion during
the seasons.ResultsDuring follow-up of 4251 player-seasons, 184 players (6.3%) had a concussion,
and 12 (6.5%) of these players had a repeat concussion within the same season.
There was an association between reported number of previous concussions and
likelihood of incident concussion. Players reporting a history of 3 or more
previous concussions were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.6) times more
likely to have an incident concussion than players with no concussion history.
Headache was the most commonly reported symptom at the time of injury (85.2%),
and mean overall symptom duration was 82 hours. Slowed recovery was associated
with a history of multiple previous concussions (30.0% of those with ≥3
previous concussions had symptoms lasting >1 week compared with 14.6% of those
with 1 previous concussion). Of the 12 incident within-season repeat concussions,
11 (91.7%) occurred within 10 days of the first injury, and 9 (75.0%) occurred
within 7 days of the first injury.ConclusionsOur study suggests that players with a history of previous concussions
are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history;
1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same
playing season; and previous concussions may be associated with slower recovery
of neurological function.read more
Citations
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Long-term cognitive impairments and pathological alterations in a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Jian Luo,Jian Luo,Andy Nguyen,Andy Nguyen,Saul A. Villeda,Hui Zhang,Hui Zhang,Zhaoqing Ding,Derek P. Lindsey,Gregor Bieri,Joseph M. Castellano,Joseph M. Castellano,Gary S. Beaupre,Tony Wyss-Coray,Tony Wyss-Coray +14 more
TL;DR: A mouse model of repetitive mTBI, induced onto the closed head over the left frontal hemisphere with an electromagnetic stereotaxic impact device, and a significant impairment in spatial learning and memory when tested at 2 and 6 months after injury are developed.
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Concussion in the adolescent athlete.
TL;DR: The current understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of concussion is reviewed and the unique factors involved in clinical management of concussion in the adolescent student-athlete are discussed.
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The effect of recommending cognitive rest on recovery from sport-related concussion
TL;DR: Recommendations of prolonged periods of cognitive rest, particularly absences from school, should be approached cautiously given the limited evidence regarding the effects of Cognitive rest on recovery from concussion.
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Duration of American Football Play and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.
Jesse Mez,Daniel H. Daneshvar,Daniel H. Daneshvar,Bobak Abdolmohammadi,Alicia S. Chua,Michael L. Alosco,Patrick T. Kiernan,Patrick T. Kiernan,Laney Evers,Laura Marshall,Brett M. Martin,Joseph Palmisano,Christopher J. Nowinski,Ian Mahar,Jonathan D. Cherry,Jonathan D. Cherry,Jonathan D. Cherry,Victor E. Alvarez,Victor E. Alvarez,Victor E. Alvarez,Brigid Dwyer,Bertrand R. Huber,Thor D. Stein,Lee E. Goldstein,Douglas I. Katz,Robert C. Cantu,Rhoda Au,Neil W. Kowall,Robert S. Stern,Michael D. McClean,Jennifer Weuve,Yorghos Tripodis,Ann C. McKee +32 more
TL;DR: This work hypothesized a dose–response relationship between duration of football played and CTE risk and severity, and studied the relationship between exposure to contact and collision sports, including American football.
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Pediatric sports-related concussion.
TL;DR: Until future studies can better delineate the mechanisms of, response to, and recovery from concussion in the young athlete, it is prudent to act in a conservative manner when dealing with pediatric athletes with concussion.
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Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Michael McCrea,Kevin M. Guskiewicz,Stephen W. Marshall,William B. Barr,Christopher Randolph,Christopher Randolph,Robert C. Cantu,Robert C. Cantu,James A. Onate,Jingzhen Yang,James P. Kelly +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 1631 football players from 15 US colleges found that players with concussions exhibited more severe symptoms (mean GSC score 20.93 [95% confidence interval {CI, 15.65-26.21] points higher than that of controls), cognitive impairments (mean SAC score 2.94 [ 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.06], cognitive functioning improved to baseline levels within 5 to 7 days (day 7 SAC mean difference, −0.33;
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