Cyanobacterial toxins, exposure routes and human health
Geoffrey A. Codd,S. G. Bell,Kunimitsu Kaya,Clive J. Ward,Kenneth A. Beattie,James S. Metcalf +5 more
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TLDR
Advances in the recognition of cyanobacterial toxins and their toxicity, and of the exposure routes with reference to human health, namely via skin contact, inhalation, haemodialysis and ...Abstract:
The production of potent toxins by bloom-, scum- and mat-forming cyanobacteria, in fresh-, brackish and marine waters, appears to be a global phenomenon. Cyanobacterial toxins can also be produced by cyanobacteria from terrestrial sources. The range and number of known cyanobacterial toxins are increasing apace as associated poisoning incidents are investigated, and increasingly powerful analytical methods are applied to complement toxicity-based studies on both natural samples and laboratory isolates of cyanobacteria. Water quality management to reduce toxic cyanobacterial mass developments, and schemes to mitigate the potential effects of cyanobacterial toxins, require an understanding of the occurrence and properties of the toxins and of the exposure routes via which the toxins present risks to health. Here, we review advances in the recognition of cyanobacterial toxins and their toxicity, and of the exposure routes with reference to human health, namely via skin contact, inhalation, haemodialysis and ...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cyanobacterial toxins: risk management for health protection
TL;DR: Key procedures in the risk management of cyanobacterial toxins and cells are reviewed, including derivations of tolerable daily intakes and guideline values with reference to the toxins in drinking water, and guideline levels for toxigenic cyanobacteria in bathing waters.
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Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria
TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled biological-physical model was developed to investigate how competition for light between buoyant cyanobacteria, diatoms and green algae in eutrophic lakes is affected by the meteorological conditions of this extreme summer heatwave.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Drinking Water Crisis in Lake Taihu, China: Linkage to Climatic Variability and Lake Management
TL;DR: Long-term management in Lake Taihu must consider both the human and climatic factors controlling these blooms and their impacts on water supply in this and other large lakes threatened by accelerating eutrophication.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce β-N-methylamino-l-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid
Paul Alan Cox,Sandra Anne Banack,Susan J. Murch,Ulla Rasmussen,Georgia Tien,Robert R. Bidigare,James S. Metcalf,Louise F. Morrison,Geoffrey A. Codd,Birgitta Bergman +9 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that a single neurotoxin, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, may be produced by all known groups of cyanobacteria, including cyanobacterial symbionts and free-living cyanob bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in turbulent mixing shift competition for light between phytoplankton species
Jef Huisman,Jonathan Sharples,J. Stroom,Petra M. Visser,W. Edwin A. Kardinaal,Jolanda M. H. Verspagen,Ben Sommeijer +6 more
TL;DR: Competition theory is developed that predicts how changes in turbulent mixing affect competition for light between buoyant and sinking phytoplankton species, and warns that changes in the turbulence structure of natural waters, for instance driven by climate change, may induce major shifts in the species composition of phytopsized communities.
References
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A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase
TL;DR: The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology, and the status of generic concepts in coralline algae (Rhodophyta) are reviewed.
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Detection of microcystins, a blue-green algal hepatotoxin, in drinking water sampled in Haimen and Fusui, endemic areas of primary liver cancer in China, by highly sensitive immunoassay.
Yoshio Ueno,Satoshi Nagata,Tomoaki Tsutsumi,Akihiro Hasegawa,Mariyo F. Watanabe,Ho-Dong Park,Gong-Chao Chen,Gang Chen,Shun-Zhang Yu +8 more
TL;DR: An epidemiological survey for the causes of a high incidence of primary liver cancer in Haimen city, Jian-Su province and Fusui county, Guangxi province in China, found a close correlation between the incidence of PLC and the drinking of pond and ditch water, supporting a hypothesis that the blue-green algal toxin MC in the drinking water of ponds/ditches and rivers, or both, is one of the risk factors for the high incidence.
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Fatal microcystin intoxication in haemodialysis unit in Caruaru, Brazil
Shideh Pouria,A. De Andrade,Jessyrayanne Mayalle de Oliveira Barbosa,R.L. Cavalcanti,V.T.S. Barreto,Clive J. Ward,Wolfgang Preiser,Grace K. Poon,Guy H. Neild,Geoffrey A. Codd +9 more
TL;DR: Cyanobacteria present water-borne hazards to health via drinking water and recreational water and Haemodialysis presents an additional high-risk exposure route: when they enter directly into the circulation, microcystins can lead to fatal clinical syndromes ranging from acute neurotoxic illness to subacute liver failure.
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