Defeated by the nines: nine extracellular strategies to avoid microbe-associated molecular patterns recognition in plants.
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In this article, the authors distinguish nine extracellular strategies to avoid recognition by the host, acting at three different levels: to avoid the accumulation of MAMP precursors (Level 1), microbes take advantage of polymorphisms in both MAMP proteins and glycans, or downregulate MAMP production.Abstract:
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell-surface receptors is pivotal in host-microbe interactions. Both pathogens and symbionts establish plant-microbe interactions using fascinating intricate extracellular strategies to avoid recognition. Here we distinguish nine different extracellular strategies to avoid recognition by the host, acting at three different levels. To avoid the accumulation of MAMP precursors (Level 1), microbes take advantage of polymorphisms in both MAMP proteins and glycans, or downregulate MAMP production. To reduce hydrolytic MAMP release (Level 2), microbes shield MAMP precursors with proteins or glycans and inhibit or degrade host-derived hydrolases. And to prevent MAMP perception directly (Level 3), microbes degrade or sequester MAMPs before they are perceived. We discuss examples of these nine strategies and envisage three additional extracellular strategies to avoid MAMP perception in plants.read more
Citations
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Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens
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OUP accepted manuscript
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OUP accepted manuscript
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References
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The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
TL;DR: The current knowledge of recognition-dependent disease resistance in plants is reviewed, and a few crucial concepts are included to compare and contrast plant innate immunity with that more commonly associated with animals.
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Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant―pathogen interactions
Peter N. Dodds,John P. Rathjen +1 more
TL;DR: The recent convergence of molecular studies of plant immunity and pathogen infection strategies is revealing an integrated picture of the plant–pathogen interaction from the perspective of both organisms, suggesting novel biotechnological approaches to crop protection.
Journal ArticleDOI
FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis.
TL;DR: The identification of a new locus, FLS2, is described, which is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a putative receptor kinase and shares structural and functional homologies with known plant resistance genes and with components involved in the innate immune system of mammals and insects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
Cyril Zipfel,Gernot Kunze,Delphine Chinchilla,Anne Caniard,Jonathan D. G. Jones,Thomas Boller,Georg Felix +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that flagellin and EF-Tu activate a common set of signaling events and defense responses but without clear synergistic effects, and that plant defense responses induced by PAMPs such as EF- Tu reduce transformation by Agrobacterium.
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