Journal ArticleDOI
Pulmonary Retention of Ultrafine and Fine Particles in Rats
TLDR
Both acute instillation and subchronic inhalation studies showed that ultrafine particles at equivalent masses access the pulmonary interstitium to a larger extent than fine particles (integral of 250 nm).Abstract:
In aerosol research, particle size has been mainly considered in the context of the role it plays in particle deposition along the respiratory tract. The possibility that the primary particle size may affect the fate of particles after they are deposited was explored in this study. Rats were exposed for 12 wk to aerosolized ultrafine (∼21 nm diameter) or fine (∼250 nm diameter) titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles. Other rats were exposed to TiO2 particles of various sizes (12, 21, 230, and 250 nm) by intratracheal instillation. After the rat lungs were extensively lavaged, analysis of particle content in the lavaged lungs, lavage fluid, and of lymphatic nodes was performed. Electron and light microscopy was also performed using unlavaged lungs. Both acute instillation and subchronic inhalation studies showed that ultrafine particles (∼20 nm) at equivalent masses access the pulmonary interstitium to a larger extent than fine particles (∼250 nm). An increasing dose in terms of particle numbers and a decreasin...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles
TL;DR: Results of older bio-kinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices.
Posted Content
Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity
TL;DR: A review of the toxicity of nanoparticles is presented in this paper, with the goal of informing public health concerns related to nanoscience while raising awareness of nanomaterials toxicity among scientists and manufacturers handling them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity
TL;DR: This review reveals the result of life’s long history of evolution in the presence of nanoparticles, and how the human body has adapted to defend itself against nanoparticulate intruders, while raising awareness of nanomaterials’ toxicity among scientists and manufacturers handling them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particulate air pollution and acute health effects
TL;DR: It is suggested that ultra-fine particles in the nature of the urban particulate cloud are able to provoke alveolar inflammation, with release of mediators capable, in susceptible individuals, of causing exacerbations of lung disease and of increasing blood coagulability, thus also explaining the observed increases in cardiovascular deaths associated with urban pollution episodes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy.
Günter Oberdörster,Andrew D. Maynard,Ken Donaldson,Vincent Castranova,Julie W. Fitzpatrick,Kevin D. Ausman,Janet M. Carter,Barbara Karn,Barbara Karn,Wolfgang G. Kreyling,David Y. Lai,Stephen S. Olin,Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere,David B. Warheit,Hong Yang +14 more
TL;DR: The working group report presents a broad data gathering strategy applicable to this early stage in the development of a risk assessment process for nanomaterials, and there is a strong likelihood that biological activity of nanoparticles will depend on physicochemical parameters not routinely considered in toxicity screening studies.
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