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Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass. LAP-002 NREL Analytical Procedure

TLDR
The NREL Laboratory Analytical Procedures for standard biomass analysis are available electronically at DISCLAIMER These standard Biomass Analytical Methods (" Methods ") are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (" NREL "), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (" ASE ") for the Department Of Energy as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
NREL Laboratory Analytical Procedures for standard biomass analysis are available electronically at DISCLAIMER These Standard Biomass Analytical Methods (" Methods ") are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (" NREL "), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (" ASE ") for the Department Of Energy. Access to and use of these Methods shall impose the following obligations on the user. The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute these Methods for any purpose whatsoever, except commercial sales, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the Methods. Further, the user agrees to credit NREL/ASE in any publications that result from the use of these Methods. The names NREL/ASE, however, may not be used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any products or commercial entity unless specific written permission is obtained from NREL/ASE. The user also understands that NREL/ASE is not obligated to provide the user with any support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind with regard to the use of these Methods or to provide the user with any updates, revisions or new versions.

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Citations
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Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids

TL;DR: In this article, the application of ionic liquids to the deconstruction and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, in a process step that is commonly called pretreatment, is discussed.
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Comparison of dilute acid and ionic liquid pretreatment of switchgrass: Biomass recalcitrance, delignification and enzymatic saccharification.

TL;DR: Ionic liquid pretreatment enabled a significant enhancement in the rate of enzyme hydrolysis of the cellulose component of switchgrass, with a rate increase of 16.7-fold, and a glucan yield of 96.0% obtained in 24h.
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A review of lignocellulose bioconversion using enzymatic hydrolysis and synergistic cooperation between enzymes--factors affecting enzymes, conversion and synergy.

TL;DR: This review examines the enzymes required to degrade various components of lignocellulose and the impact of pretreatments on the lignosic substrates and the enzyme required for degradation and the effect of and interaction between different hemicellulases on complex substrates.
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Physical and chemical characterizations of corn stover and poplar solids resulting from leading pretreatment technologies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate changes in substrate chemical and physical features after pretreatment, several characterizations were performed on untreated (UT) corn stover and poplar and their solids resulting pretreatments by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), ammonia recycled percolation (ARP), controlled pH, dilute acid, flowthrough, lime, and SO(2) technologies.
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Evaluation of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass harvested in different seasons and locations

TL;DR: Each harvest type and location responded differently to AFEX pretreatment, although all harvests successfully produced fermentable sugars, indicating an integrated approach between agricultural production and biochemical processing in order to insure optimal productivity.
References
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Standardized analytical methods

TL;DR: The International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Agreement (Bioenergy Agreement Annex VII) standardized analytical methods activity has been ongoing for the past three years as mentioned in this paper, which provides researchers and technology developers with information on reliable methods in use, or proposed, for characterizing feedstocks, process intermediates, and end products from biomass conversion to fuels, energy-intensive chemicals, and electric power.
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