Dietary patterns in infancy and cognitive and neuropsychological function in childhood
Catharine R. Gale,Christopher Martyn,Lynne D. Marriott,Jennifer A. Limond,Sarah Crozier,Hazel Inskip,Keith M. Godfrey,Catherine Law,Cyrus Cooper,Siân Robinson +9 more
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TLDR
Children whose diet in infancy was characterised by high consumption of fruit, vegetables and home-prepared foods ('infant guidelines' dietary pattern) had higher full-scale and verbal IQ and better memory performance at age 4 years, suggesting that dietary patterns in early life may have some effect on cognitive development.Abstract:
Background: trials in developing countries suggest that improving young children's diet may benefit cognitive development. Whether dietary composition influences young children's cognition in developed countries is unclear. Although many studies have examined the relation between type of milk received in infancy and subsequent cognition, there has been no investigation of the possible effect of variations in the weaning diet. Methods: we studied 241 children aged 4 years, whose diet had been assessed at age 6 and 12 months. We measured IQ with the Wechsler Pre-School and Primary Scale of Intelligence, visual attention, visuomotor precision, sentence repetition and verbal fluency with the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY), and visual form-constancy with the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills. Results: in sex-adjusted analyses, children whose diet in infancy was characterised by high consumption of fruit, vegetables and home-prepared foods ('infant guidelines' dietary pattern) had higher full-scale and verbal IQ and better memory performance at age 4 years. Further adjustment for maternal education, intelligence, social class, quality of the home environment and other potential confounding factors attenuated these associations but the relations between higher 'infant guidelines' diet score and full-scale and verbal IQ remained significant. For a standard deviation increase in 'infant guidelines' diet score at 6 or 12 months full-scale IQ rose by .18 (95% CI .04 to .31) of a standard deviation. For a standard deviation increase in 'infant guidelines' diet score at 6 months verbal IQ rose by .14 (.01 to .27) of a standard deviation. There were no associations between dietary patterns in infancy and 4-year performance on the other tests. Conclusions: these findings suggest that dietary patterns in early life may have some effect on cognitive development. It is also possible that they reflect the influence of unmeasured confounding factorsread more
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Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition.
Mary Fewtrell,Jiri Bronsky,Cristina Campoy,Magnus Domellöf,Nicholas D. Embleton,Nataša Fidler Mis,Iva Hojsak,Jessie M. Hulst,Flavia Indrio,Alexandre Lapillonne,Christian Mølgaard,Christian Mølgaard +11 more
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The role of nutrition in children's neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood
Anett Nyaradi,Anett Nyaradi,Jianghong Li,Jianghong Li,Siobhan Hickling,Siobhan Hickling,Jonathan K. Foster,Wendy H. Oddy +7 more
TL;DR: This review examines the current evidence for a possible connection between nutritional intake (including micronutrients and whole diet) and neurocognitive development in childhood and concludes that malnutrition can impair cognitive development, whilst breastfeeding appears to be beneficial for cognition.
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Infant nutrition and later health: a review of current evidence
TL;DR: There is now significant evidence that links patterns of infant feeding to differences in health outcomes, both in the short and longer term, and beneficial effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure, BMI and risk of diabetes have not been confirmed, and further information is needed.
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The relationship between physical activity and diet and young children's cognitive development: A systematic review.
Pooja S. Tandon,Alison Tovar,Avanthi T. Jayasuriya,Emily B Welker,Daniel J. Schober,Kristen A. Copeland,Dipti A. Dev,Ashleigh L. Murriel,Dima Amso,Dianne S. Ward +9 more
TL;DR: Physical activity and healthy diets in early childhood are associated with better cognitive outcomes in young children, and evidence that the same healthy behaviors could promote both should inform future interventions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Breast-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of observed differences in cognitive development between breast-fed and formula-fed children indicated that, after adjustment for appropriate key cofactors, breast-feeding was associated with significantly higher scores for cognitive development than was formula feeding.
Reference EntryDOI
NEPSY: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment
Ron Dumont,John O. Willis +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Reproducibility and validity of dietary patterns assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire
Frank B. Hu,Eric B. Rimm,Stephanie A. Smith-Warner,Diane Feskanich,Meir J. Stampfer,Albert Ascherio,Laura Sampson,Walter C. Willett +7 more
TL;DR: Data indicate reasonable reproducibility and validity of the major dietary patterns defined by factor analysis using dietary data collected with a food-frequency questionnaire with data from an FFQ.
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