Does increased endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the human colon explain the association between red meat and colon cancer?
Sheila Bingham,Brigitte Pignatelli,J.R.A. Pollock,Anne Ellul,Christian Malaveille,G. Gross,S. A. Runswick,John H. Cummings,I.K. O'Neill +8 more
TLDR
Increased endogenous production of NOC and precursors from increased red meat, but not white meat and fish, consumption may be relevant to the aetiology of colorectal cancer.Abstract:
High red meat diets have been linked with risk of sporadic colorectal cancer; but their effects on mutations which occur in this cancer are unknown. G-->A transitions in K-ras occur in colorectal cancer and are characteristic of the effects of alkylating agents such as N-nitroso compounds (NOC). We studied th effect of red meat consumption on faecal NOC levels in eight male volunteers who consumed diets low or high in meat (60 or 600 g/day), as beef, lamb or pork, whilst living in a metabolic suite. Increased intake of red meat induced a significant (P<0.024) 3-fold increase from 40 + or - 7 to ab average of 113 + or - 25 microgram/day NOC, a range of exposure in faeces similar to that from tobacco-specific NOC in cigarette smoke. THe diets were isoenergetic and contained equal amounts of fat, but concentrations of heterocyclic amines were low. Faecal excretion of the promotor ammonia was significantly increased to 6.5 + or - 1.08 mmol/day. When the high red meat diets were supplemented with 20 g phytate-free wheat bran in six volunteers there was no reduction in NOC levels (mean 138 + or - 41 microgram/day NOC), but faecal weight increased. Higher starch and non-starch polysaccharide intakes reduced intraluminal cross-linking in microcapsules (r=-0.77) and reduced faecal pH (r=-0.64). In two volunteers there was no effect of 600 g white meat and fish o faecal NOC (mean low white meat diet 68 + or - 10 microgram/day, high white meat 56 + or -6 microgram/day nor on faecal nitrate, nitrite and iron. Faecal nitrite levels increased on changing from a white to red meat diet (mean high white meat diet 46 + or - 7 mg/day, high red meat diet mean 80 + or - 7 mg/day.) Increased endogenous production of NOC and precursors from increased red meat, but not white meat and fish, consumption may be relevant to the aetiology of colorectal cancer.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Colorectal Cancer: Molecules and Populations
TL;DR: There is at least some evidence that the general host metabolic state can provide a milieu that enhances or reduces the likelihood of cancer progression, and the roles of environmental exposures and host susceptibilities in molecular pathways have implications for screening, treatment, surveillance, and prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Workgroup report: Drinking-water nitrate and health--recent findings and research needs.
Mary H. Ward,Theo M. deKok,Patrick Levallois,Jean D. Brender,Gabriel Gulis,Bernard T. Nolan,James VanDerslice +6 more
TL;DR: The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites, and colon cancer
TL;DR: The mechanisms behind microbial metabolite effects, which could be modified by diet to achieve the objective of preventing colorectal cancer in Western societies are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer
Timothy J. Key,Arthur Schatzkin,Walter C. Willett,Naomi E. Allen,Elizabeth A Spencer,Ruth C. Travis +5 more
TL;DR: Overweight/obesity increases the risk for cancers of the oesophagus, colorectum, breast, breast (postmenopausal), endometrium and kidney, and diets should include at least 400?g/d of total fruits and vegetables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review
Mary H. Ward,Rena R. Jones,Jean D. Brender,Theo M. de Kok,Peter J. Weyer,Bernard T. Nolan,Cristina M. Villanueva,Simone G. J. van Breda +7 more
TL;DR: The strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects.
References
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p53 mutations in human cancers
TL;DR: The p53 mutational spectrum differs among cancers of the colon, lung, esophagus, breast, liver, brain, reticuloendothelial tissues, and hemopoietic tissues as mentioned in this paper.
Journal Article
ras Oncogenes in Human Cancer: A Review
TL;DR: It appeared that ras gene mutations can be found in a variety of tumor types, although the incidence varies greatly and some evidence that environmental agents may be involved in the induction of the mutations.
Journal ArticleDOI
DETERMINATION OF AMMONIA IN NATURAL WATERS BY THE PHENOLHYPOCHLORITE METHOD 1 1 This research was fully supported by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract No. ATS (11‐1) GEN 10, P.A. 20.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices
Bruce K. Armstrong,Richard Doll +1 more
TL;DR: Dietary variables were strongly correlated with several types of cancer, particularly meat consumption with cancer of the colon and fat consumption with cancers of the breast and corpus uteri, suggesting a possible role for dietary factors in modifying the development of cancer at a number of other sites.
Book
McCance and Widdowson's The composition of foods
A. A. Paul,D. A. T. Southgate +1 more
TL;DR: The British tables of Paul and Southgate provide by far the most extensive introductory and explanatory material with the tables and is a resource which is often utilized.