Open AccessJournal Article
ras Oncogenes in Human Cancer: A Review
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TLDR
It appeared that ras gene mutations can be found in a variety of tumor types, although the incidence varies greatly and some evidence that environmental agents may be involved in the induction of the mutations.Abstract:
Mutations in codon 12, 13, or 61 of one of the three ras genes, H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras, convert these genes into active oncogenes. Rapid assays for the detection of these point mutations have been developed recently and used to investigate the role mutated ras genes play in the pathogenesis of human tumors. It appeared that ras gene mutations can be found in a variety of tumor types, although the incidence varies greatly. The highest incidences are found in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (90%), the colon (50%), and the lung (30%); in thyroid tumors (50%); and in myeloid leukemia (30%). For some tumor types a relationship may exist between the presence of a ras mutation and clinical or histopathological features of the tumor. There is some evidence that environmental agents may be involved in the induction of the mutations.read more
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Consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers
Tobias Sjöblom,Sian Jones,D. Williams Parsons,Laura D. Wood,Jimmy Lin,Thomas D. Barber,Diana Mandelker,Bert Vogelstein,Kenneth W. Kinzler,Victor E. Velculesu +9 more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: It is found that ras-gene mutations occurred in 58 percent of adenomas larger than 1 cm and in 47 percent of carcinomas, which are consistent with a model of colorectal tumorigenesis in which the steps required for the development of cancer often involve the mutational activation of an oncogene coupled with the loss of several genes that normally suppress tumors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct mutagenesis of Ha- ras -1 oncogenes by N -nitroso- N -methylurea during initiation of mammary carcinogenesis in rats
TL;DR: Each of the Ha-ras-1 oncogenes present in tumours induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea, but not in those induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, became activated by the same G → A transition, the type of mutation induced by W → N → G → M transition.
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The ras gene family and human carcinogenesis
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The oncogene appears to have undergone little, if any, amplification in several bladder carcinoma cell lines and is unrelated to transforming sequences detected in a variety of other types of human tumor cell lines derived from colonic and lung carcinoma and from neuroblastoma.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: It is shown that GAP interacts preferentially with the active GTP complexes of both normal and oncogenic Harvey (Ha) ras p21 compared with the inactive GDP complexes.
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