Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem services and urban heat riskscape moderation: water, green spaces, and social inequality in Phoenix, USA
TLDR
The results suggest the need for a systems evaluation of the benefits, costs, spatial structure, and temporal trajectory for the use of ecosystem services to moderate climate extremes.Abstract:
Urban ecosystems are subjected to high temperatures—extreme heat events, chronically hot weather, or both—through interactions between local and global climate processes. Urban vegetation may provide a cooling ecosystem service, although many knowledge gaps exist in the biophysical and social dynamics of using this service to reduce climate extremes. To better understand patterns of urban vegetated cooling, the potential water requirements to supply these services, and differential access to these services between residential neighborhoods, we evaluated three decades (1970–2000) of land surface characteristics and residential segregation by income in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan region. We developed an ecosystem service trade-offs approach to assess the urban heat riskscape, defined as the spatial variation in risk exposure and potential human vulnerability to extreme heat. In this region, vegetation provided nearly a 25°C surface cooling compared to bare soil on low-humidity summer days; the ma...read more
Citations
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Urban ecology and sustainability: The state-of-the-science and future directions
Jianguo Wu,Jianguo Wu +1 more
TL;DR: The most salient thrust of current research activities in the field of urban ecology is the emerging urban sustainability paradigm which focuses on urban ecosystem services and their relations to human well-being.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advancing Urban Ecology toward a Science of Cities
Timon McPhearson,Steward T. A. Pickett,Nancy B. Grimm,Jari Niemelä,Marina Alberti,Thomas Elmqvist,Christiane Weber,Dagmar Haase,Juergen Breuste,Salman Qureshi,Salman Qureshi +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an international consensus on how urban ecology can advance along multiple research directions and suggest pathways for advancing urban ecology research to support the goals of improving urban sustainability and resilience, conserving urban biodiversity, and promoting human well-being on an urbanizing planet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of urban form and design on mid-afternoon microclimate in Phoenix Local Climate Zones
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of urban form and landscaping type on the mid-afternoon microclimate in semi-arid Phoenix, Arizona, and found that dense urban forms can create local cool islands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona
TL;DR: Neighborhood effects of population characteristics and built and natural environments on deaths due to heat exposure in Maricopa County, Arizona (2000–2008) are estimated and place-based indicators of vulnerability complement analyses of person-level heat risk factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of urban ecosystem services: six key challenges for future research
Christopher Luederitz,Christopher Luederitz,Ebba Brink,Fabienne Gralla,Verena Hermelingmeier,Moritz Meyer,Lisa Niven,Lars Panzer,Stefan Partelow,Stefan Partelow,Anna-Lena Rau,Ryuei Sasaki,David J. Abson,Daniel J. Lang,Christine Wamsler,Henrik von Wehrden,Henrik von Wehrden +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a systematic review of urban ecosystem services research, which addresses the combined domain of ecosystem services and urban development, and highlight six challenges aimed at strengthening the concept's potential to facilitate meaningful inter-and transdisciplinary work for ecosystem services.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Using Watered Landscapes to Manipulate Urban Heat Island Effects: How Much Water Will It Take to Cool Phoenix?
Patricia Gober,Anthony J. Brazel,Ray Quay,Soe W. Myint,Susanne Grossman-Clarke,Adam Miller,Steve Rossi +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a Local-Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS) model was used to examine the variation in temperature and evaporation in 10 census tracts in Phoenix's urban core.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interannual and seasonal variation in fluxes of water and carbon dioxide from a riparian woodland ecosystem
Russell L. Scott,E. Edwards,W. James Shuttleworth,Travis E. Huxman,Christopher J. Watts,David C. Goodrich +5 more
TL;DR: This paper measured water, energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of mesquite trees along the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona for the entire growing seasons of 2001 and 2002, between the last freeze event of spring and the first of fall.
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How the environment, canopy structure and canopy physiological functioning influence carbon, water and energy fluxes of a temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest--an assessment with the biophysical model CANOAK.
TL;DR: This paper focuses on how canopy structure, its physiological functioning and the environment interact to control and drive the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor between a temperate forest stand and the atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observing and modeling the nocturnal park cool island of an arid city: horizontal and vertical impacts
TL;DR: The authors examined the horizontal and vertical nocturnal cooling influence of a small park with irrigated lawn and xeric surfaces (∼3 ha) within a university campus of a hot arid city.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global perspective on changing sustainable urban water supplies
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify patterns of renewable water availability and urban consumption throughout the globe between the years 2000 and 2015 and use modified ecological footprint (EF) approach to better understand the interactions between urban consumption and regional availability of water.