Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem services and urban heat riskscape moderation: water, green spaces, and social inequality in Phoenix, USA
TLDR
The results suggest the need for a systems evaluation of the benefits, costs, spatial structure, and temporal trajectory for the use of ecosystem services to moderate climate extremes.Abstract:
Urban ecosystems are subjected to high temperatures—extreme heat events, chronically hot weather, or both—through interactions between local and global climate processes. Urban vegetation may provide a cooling ecosystem service, although many knowledge gaps exist in the biophysical and social dynamics of using this service to reduce climate extremes. To better understand patterns of urban vegetated cooling, the potential water requirements to supply these services, and differential access to these services between residential neighborhoods, we evaluated three decades (1970–2000) of land surface characteristics and residential segregation by income in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan region. We developed an ecosystem service trade-offs approach to assess the urban heat riskscape, defined as the spatial variation in risk exposure and potential human vulnerability to extreme heat. In this region, vegetation provided nearly a 25°C surface cooling compared to bare soil on low-humidity summer days; the ma...read more
Citations
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Urban ecology in a developing world: why advanced socioecological theory needs Africa.
TL;DR: Increasing research on urban development processes occurring in Africa, and on patterns of kinship and migration in the less developed countries of the "Global South", will advance a more comprehensive worldview of how future urbanization will influence the progress of sustainable societies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat stress in urban areas: Indoor and outdoor temperatures in different urban structure types and subjectively reported well-being during a heat wave in the city of Leipzig
Journal ArticleDOI
Seasonal dynamics of a suburban energy balance in Phoenix, Arizona
Winston T. L. Chow,Winston T. L. Chow,T. J. Volo,Enrique R. Vivoni,G. Darrel Jenerette,Benjamin L. Ruddell +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied diurnal variations in SEB partitioning over four distinct seasons: winter, equinoxes, and summer; the latter period is further subdivided into (1) months prior to and (2) months occurring during the North American Monsoon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity and direct ecosystem service regulation in the community gardens of Los Angeles, CA
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated environmental and socioeconomic factors influencing community garden plant biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) and found that despite the potential to fulfill human needs in impoverished neighborhoods, little research has been conducted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics in cities.
Simone Des Roches,Kristien I. Brans,Max R. Lambert,L. Ruth Rivkin,Amy M. Savage,Christopher J. Schell,Cristian Correa,Luc De Meester,Luc De Meester,Luc De Meester,Sarah E. Diamond,Nancy B. Grimm,Nyeema C. Harris,Lynn Govaert,Lynn Govaert,Andrew P. Hendry,Marc T. J. Johnson,Jason Munshi-South,Eric P. Palkovacs,Marta Szulkin,Mark C. Urban,Brian C. Verrelli,Marina Alberti +22 more
TL;DR: Through this new framework, researchers of urban ecology and evolution are encouraged to fully integrate human social drivers and feedbacks to increase understanding and conservation of ecosystems, their functions and their contributions to people within and outside cities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
TL;DR: Multilevel analyses showed that a measure of collective efficacy yields a high between-neighborhood reliability and is negatively associated with variations in violence, when individual-level characteristics, measurement error, and prior violence are controlled.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a metabolic theory of ecology
James H. Brown,James H. Brown,James F. Gillooly,Andrew P. Allen,Van M. Savage,Van M. Savage,Geoffrey B. West,Geoffrey B. West +7 more
TL;DR: This work has developed a quantitative theory for how metabolic rate varies with body size and temperature, and predicts how metabolic theory predicts how this rate controls ecological processes at all levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere.
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A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)
TL;DR: In this article, a transformation technique was presented to minimize soil brightness influences from spectral vegetation indices involving red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which nearly eliminated soil-induced variations in vegetation indices.
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Impact of regional climate change on human health
TL;DR: The growing evidence that climate–health relationships pose increasing health risks under future projections of climate change is reviewed and that the warming trend over recent decades has already contributed to increased morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using the satellite-derived NDVI to assess ecological responses to environmental change
Nathalie Pettorelli,Jon Olav Vik,Atle Mysterud,Jean-Michel Gaillard,Compton J. Tucker,Nils Chr. Stenseth +5 more
TL;DR: The use of the NDVI in recent ecological studies is reviewed and its possible key role in future research of environmental change in an ecosystem context is outlined.