Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Short-Term Training on Sensory and Motor Function in Severed Nerves of Long-Term Human Amputees
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TLDR
The central plasticity seen after amputation is most likely primarily due to unmasking, rather than replacement, of existing synaptic connections, which has implications for neural control of prosthetic limbs.Abstract:
Much has been studied and written about plastic changes in the CNS of humans triggered by events such as limb amputation. However, little is known about the extent to which the original pathways retain residual function after peripheral amputation. Our earlier, acute study on long-term amputees indicated that central pathways associated with amputated peripheral nerves retain at least some sensory and motor function. The purpose of the present study was to determine if these functional connections would be strengthened or improved with experience and training over several days time. To do this, electrodes were implanted within fascicles of severed nerves of long-term human amputees to evaluate the changes in electrically evoked sensations and volitional motor neuron activity associated with attempted phantom limb movements. Nerve stimulation consistently resulted in discrete, unitary, graded sensations of touch/pressure and joint-position sense. There was no significant change in the values of stimulation parameters required to produce these sensations over time. Similarly, while the amputees were able to improve volitional control of motor neuron activity, the rate and pattern of change was similar to that seen with practice in normal individuals on motor tasks. We conclude that the central plasticity seen after amputation is most likely primarily due to unmasking, rather than replacement, of existing synaptic connections. These results also have implications for neural control of prosthetic limbs.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Restoring Natural Sensory Feedback in Real-Time Bidirectional Hand Prostheses
Stanisa Raspopovic,Stanisa Raspopovic,Marco Capogrosso,Marco Capogrosso,Francesco Maria Petrini,Marco Bonizzato,Jacopo Rigosa,Giovanni Di Pino,Jacopo Carpaneto,Marco Controzzi,Tim Boretius,Eduardo Fernandez,Giuseppe Granata,Calogero Maria Oddo,Luca Citi,Anna Lisa Ciancio,Christian Cipriani,Maria Chiara Carrozza,Winnie Jensen,Eugenio Guglielmelli,Thomas Stieglitz,Paolo Maria Rossini,Silvestro Micera,Silvestro Micera +23 more
TL;DR: By stimulating the median and ulnar nerve fascicles using transversal multichannel intrafascicular electrodes, according to the information provided by the artificial sensors from a hand prosthesis, physiologically appropriate sensory information can be provided to an amputee during the real-time decoding of different grasping tasks to control a dexterous hand prosthetic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.
TL;DR: An important direction for ongoing research is the development of therapeutic strategies that enhance axonal regeneration, promote selective target reinnervation, but are also able to modulate central nervous system reorganization, amplifying those positive adaptive changes that help to improve functional recovery but also diminishing undesirable consequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
A neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception.
Daniel W. Tan,Daniel W. Tan,Matthew A. Schiefer,Matthew A. Schiefer,Michael W. Keith,Michael W. Keith,Michael W. Keith,James Robert Anderson,James Robert Anderson,James Robert Anderson,Joyce Tyler,Dustin J. Tyler,Dustin J. Tyler,Dustin J. Tyler +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a simple electronic cuff placed around nerves in the upper arm of two amputees wearing a replacement neuroprosthetic limb directly activates the neural pathways responsible for hand sensations, resulting in long-term sensory restoration after limb loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct neural sensory feedback and control of a prosthetic arm
G.S. Dhillon,Kenneth W. Horch +1 more
TL;DR: This approach allows amputees to both judge and set grip force and joint position in an artificial arm, in the absence of visual input, thus providing a substrate for better integration of the artificial limb into the amputee's body image.
Journal ArticleDOI
A transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME) to interface with the peripheral nerve.
Tim Boretius,Jordi Badia,Arán Pascual-Font,Martin Schuettler,Xavier Navarro,Ken Yoshida,Thomas Stieglitz +6 more
TL;DR: A novel electrode design that transversally penetrates the peripheral nerve and is intended to selectively activate subsets of axons in different fascicles within the nerve is presented.
References
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Book
Handbook of perception and human performance
TL;DR: This handbook covers theory and methods; basic visual processes; auditory, kinesthetic, cutaneous, and vestibular senses; and space and motion perception; and human performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Somatosensory cortical map changes following digit amputation in adult monkeys
Michael M. Merzenich,R. J. Nelson,Michael P. Stryker,Max S. Cynader,Axel Schoppmann,John M. Zook +5 more
TL;DR: The cortical representations of the hand in area 3b in adult owl monkeys were defined with use of microelectrode mapping techniques 2–8 months after surgical amputation of digit 3, or of both digits 2 and 3.
Journal Article
Properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human hand related to touch sensation.
A B Vallbo,Roland S. Johansson +1 more
TL;DR: The relationship between the stimulus amplitude and perceived intensity during sustained skin indentations did not match the corresponding stimulus response functions of SA units suggesting non-linear transformations within the central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Connecting Cortex to Machines: Recent Advances in Brain Interfaces
TL;DR: Progress in creating useful human BMIs is accelerating, and studies in behaving monkeys show that neural output from the motor cortex can be used to control computer cursors almost as effectively as a natural hand would carry out the task.
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Restoring Natural Sensory Feedback in Real-Time Bidirectional Hand Prostheses
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