Journal ArticleDOI
Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Nitrogen-Containing Carbon Nanotubes in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Shankhamala Kundu,Tharamani Chikka Nagaiah,Wei Xia,Yuemin Wang,Stefan Van Dommele,Johannes H. Bitter,M. Santa,Guido Grundmeier,Michael Bron,Wolfgang Schuhmann,Martin Muhler +10 more
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In this paper, Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were prepared via pyrolysis of acetonitrile over cobalt catalysts at different temperatures to control the nitrogen content.Abstract:
Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were prepared via pyrolysis of acetonitrile over cobalt catalysts at different temperatures to control the nitrogen content. The changes in the chemical and structural properties of undoped CNTs and NCNTs were investigated using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy. The NCNTs prepared at 550 °C had a higher amount of pyridinic groups and edge plane exposure than the ones prepared at 750 °C. The thermal stability and transformation of these nitrogen functional groups was studied using deconvoluted XP N 1s spectra. The NCNTs show a considerably higher activity in the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte compared with undoped CNTs as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode measurements, and the redox-competition mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (RC-SECM). Particularly, the NCNT sample prepared at 550 °C exhibited the highest activity, which was about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of a commercia...read more
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Review on Recent Progress in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of nitrogen-doped graphene is presented, including various synthesis methods to introduce N doping and various characterization techniques for the examination of various N bonding configurations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.
TL;DR: This paper presents a probabilistic procedure for estimating the polymethine content of carbon dioxide using a straightforward two-step procedure, and shows good results in both the stationary and the liquid phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
An oxygen reduction electrocatalyst based on carbon nanotube–graphene complexes
Yanguang Li,Wu Zhou,Wu Zhou,Hailiang Wang,Liming Xie,Yongye Liang,Fei Wei,Juan Carlos Idrobo,Juan Carlos Idrobo,Stephen J. Pennycook,Stephen J. Pennycook,Hongjie Dai +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that few-walled carbon nanotubes, following outer wall exfoliation via oxidation and high-temperature reaction with ammonia, can act as an oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
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Emerging Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis
Huanyu Jin,Chunxian Guo,Xin Liu,Jinlong Liu,Anthony Vasileff,Yan Jiao,Yao Zheng,Shi-Zhang Qiao +7 more
TL;DR: The fundamental relationships between electronic structure, adsorption energy, and apparent activity for a wide variety of 2D electrocatalysts are described with the goal of providing a better understanding of these emerging nanomaterials at the atomic level.
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage
TL;DR: Progress in the research and development of carbon nanomaterials during the past twenty years or so for advanced energy conversion and storage is reviewed, along with some discussions on challenges and perspectives in this exciting field.
References
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TL;DR: Raman spectra are reported from single crystals of graphite and other graphite materials as mentioned in this paper, and the Raman intensity of this band is inversely proportional to the crystallite size and is caused by a breakdown of the k-selection rule.
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Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the activities and voltage loss modes for state-of-the-art MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies), specifies performance goals needed for automotive application, and provides benchmark oxygen reduction activities for state of the art platinum electrocatalysts.
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Electrocatalysts for O2 reduction
TL;DR: In this paper, the proposed mechanisms for O2 reduction on various catalysts are discussed, taking into account the possible role of superoxide radicals, hydogen peroxide and adsorbed dioxygen.
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Raman microprobe studies on carbon materials
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the Raman spectra of 29 different carbon materials, including all types of carbonaceous solids of practical interest, and found that the width of the D band correlates well with the degree of disorder over the entire order-disorder interval.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of nanostructure in nitrogen-containing carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
TL;DR: The most active catalysts were formed when Fe was added to the support before the pyrolysis; however, samples in which Ni or no metal was added still showed increased activity for oxygen reduction compared with untreated carbon as mentioned in this paper.