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EMATs for Science and Industry: Noncontacting Ultrasonic Measurements
Masahiko Hirao,Hirotsugu Ogi +1 more
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In this paper, the authors present a survey of EMAT techniques and their applications in the industrial domain, including on-line texture monitoring of steel sheets and in-situ monitoring of Dislocation Mobility.Abstract:
Preface. Introduction: Noncontact Ultrasonic Measurements. Brief Historical Sketch of EMAT. Electromagnetic Acoustic Resonance - EMAR. Part I: Development of EMAT Techniques. 1: Coupling Mechanism. 1.1. Background. 1.2. Generation Mechanism. 1.3. Receiving Mechanisms. 1.4. Comparison with Measurements. 2 : Available EMATS. 2.1. Bulk-Wave EMATs. 2.2. Longitudinal-Guided-Wave EMAT for Wires and Pipes. 2.3. PPM EMAT. 2.4. Meander-Line Coil SH-Wave EMAT. 2.5. SH-Wave EMAT for Chirp Pulse Compression. 2.6. Axial-Shear-Wave EMAT. 2.7. SH-Wave EMAT for Resonance in Bolt Head. 2.8. Rayleigh-Wave EMAT. 2.9. Line-Focusing EMAT. 2.10. Trapped-Torsional-Mode EMAT. 2.11. EMATs for High Temperature Measurements. 3: Brief Instruction To Build EMATs. 3.1. Coil. 3.2. Magnets. 3.3. Impedance Matching. Part II: Resonance Spectroscopy with EMATs -EMAR-. 4: Principles of EMAR for Spectral Response. 4.1. Through-Thickness Resonance. 4.2. Spectroscopy with Analog Superheterodyne Processing. 4.3. Determination of Resonance Frequency and Phase Angle. 5: Free-Decay Measurement For Attenuation And Internal Friction. 5.1. Difficulty of Attenuation Measurement. 5.2. Isolation of Ultrasonic Attenuation. 5.3. Measurement of Attenuation Coefficient. 5.4. Correction for Diffraction Loss. 5.5. Comparison with Conventional Technique. Part III: Physical-Acoustics Studies. 6: In-Situ Monitoring Of Dislocation Mobility. 6.1. Dislocation-Damping Model for Low Frequencies. 6.2. Elasto-Plastic Deformation in Copper. 6.3. Point-Defect Diffusion toward Dislocations in Deformed Aluminum. 6.4. Dislocation Damping after Elastic Deformation in Al-Zn Alloy. 6.5. Recovery and Recrystallization in Aluminum. 7: Elastic Constants and Internal Friction of Advanced Materials. 7.1. Mode Control in Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy by EMAR. 7.2. Inverse Calculation for Cij and Qij-1. 7.3. Monocrystal Copper. 7.4. Metal-Matrix Composites (SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V). 7.5. Lotus-Type Porous Copper. 7.6. Ni-Base Superalloys. 7.7. Thin Films. 7.8. Piezoelectric Material (Langasite: La3Ga5SiO14). 8: Nonlinear Acoustics. Part IV: Industrial Applications. 9: On-Line Texture Monitoring Of Steel Sheets. 9.1. Texture of Polycrystalline Metals. 9.2. Mathematical Expressions of Texture and Velocity Anisotropy. 9.3. Relation between ODCs and r-Values. 9.4. On-Line Monitoring with Magnetostrictive-Type EMATs. 10: Acoustoelastic Stress Measurements. 10.1. Nonlinear Elasticity. 10.2. Acoustoelastic Response of Solids. 10.3. Birefringence Acoustoelasticity. 10.4. Practical Stress Measurements with EMAR. 10.5. Monitoring Bolt Axial Stress. 11: Measurements On High-Temperature Steels. 11.1. Velocity Variation at High Temperatures. 11.2. Solidification-Shell Thickness of Continuous Casting Sread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of fatigue damage in a pure copper with nonlinear three-wave interaction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated nonlinear ultrasonic characterization, nonlinear three-wave interaction, of the pure copper during fatigue with EMAR, which was the combination with ultrasonic resonance and non-contacting transducer, EMAT (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer).
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Vibration analysis of an isotropic elastic sphere contacting a semi-infinite cubic solid
TL;DR: This dynamic contact model agrees well with the measurements, which will benefit the quantitative evaluation of the local Young's modulus and the orientation of micro-scaled anisotropic grains by the resonance-frequency shifts of a vibrating oscillator in resonance ultrasound microscopy and the efficient removal of micron or sub-micron particles from the substrate in the dry laser cleaning technique.
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Detection of laser-induced nanosecond ultrasonic pulses in metals using a pancake coil and a piezoelectric sensor
V. V. Kozhushko,H. Krenn +1 more
TL;DR: A piezoelectric sensor and a pancake coil sensor were used for broadband detection of laser-induced ultrasound in single-crystal aluminum and polycrystalline nickel and the peak-to-peak value of the signal in nickel was higher and had bipolar form because of the inverse magnetostrictive effect.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
MagSnoop: listening to sounds induced by magnetic field fluctuations to infer mobile payment tokens
TL;DR: This paper introduces MagSnoop, a novel framework that infers payment tokens from listening to MST sounds generated during the activation of MST payment transactions, and explores the principle, causing the generation of M ST sounds, and the fundamental characteristics of these sounds.
Real Implementation of Ultrasonic Phased Array Technology Using Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms
S Starman,Matz +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a fully developed ultrasonic portable system with implemented phased array technology is presented, and all acquired ultrasonic signals are consequently processed using the proposed filtering algorithms. But the main focus in non-destructive testing area is to improve the resolution of defect dete-ction and make the detection process as fast and accurate as possible.