Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for Single-Stage Three-Phase PFC Converter in Electric Vehicle Charging Application

Series Loss-Free Resistor: Analysis, Realization, and Applications

Abstract: An analysis of the transient behavior of dc networks consisting of voltage sources, capacitors, and series loss-free resistors (SLFRs) is presented The realization of an SLFR was achieved by means of a topological variation of the positive output voltage buck–boost converter operated in discontinuous-conduction mode It is demonstrated that even simple RC circuits containing SLFRs exhibit behavior that is described by Abel nonlinear differential equations, which do not have an exact analytical solution Some possible applications of the SLFRs in power electronics, dc microgrids, and renewable energy power systems include loss-free charge and discharge of capacitor banks, voltage equalization of capacitors, and loss-free voltage clamping circuits The concept of the SLFR can also be applied for voltage control in dc microgrids, employing the droop voltage technique, equalization of power and current in voltage sources associated in parallel (including batteries and dc–dc converters), and also input and output voltage natural balance in input-series output-series association of dc converters The theoretical analysis results are validated via numerical examples and computer simulation

Particle swarm optimization based sliding mode controllers for electric vehicle onboard charger

Abstract: High-performance onboard chargers are needed to proliferate the popularity of electric vehicles considering the charging convenience and flexibility. In this study, a sliding mode controller (SMC) for power converters is presented to enhance the performance of the onboard battery charger. The SMC parameters are selected using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A two-stage charging topology is adopted with independent controllers. The grid side AC–DC converter mitigates the harmonic content in the grid current and smoothens the voltage and current in the dc bus. The bidirectional DC–DC converter at the battery side regulates the charging characteristics of the Li-ion battery with a constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) profile. The steady-state and dynamic behavior of the charging system is presented. Hardware in the loop real-time emulator is utilized to confirm the validity of this study. Experiments show that optimization-based SMC contributes to the overall dynamic performance of the onboard battery charger.

A High-Performance Single-Phase Bridgeless Interleaved PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers

Abstract: In this paper, a new front end ac-dc bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size, PHEV charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. In addition, a detailed analytical model for this topology is presented, enabling the calculation of the converter power losses and efficiency. Experimental and simulation results are included for a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage (85-265 V) to 400 V dc output at up to 3.4 kW load. The experimental results demonstrate a power factor greater than 0.99 from 750 W to 3.4 kW, THD less than 5% from half load to full load and a peak efficiency of 98.9% at 70 kHz switching frequency, 265 V input and 1.2 kW load.

Electric vehicles charge forward

Abstract: This article reviews the status of electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEVs) worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies. The importance of the integration of technologies of automobile, electric motor drive, electronics, energy storage and controls, and the importance of the integration of society strength from government, industry, research institutions, electric power utilities, and transportation authorities are addressed. The challenged of EV commercialization is discussed. EV is a multidisciplinary subject involving broad and complex aspects. However, it has core technologies; chassis and body technology, propulsion technology, and energy source technology. The electric propulsion system is the heart of the EV. It consists of motor drive, transmission and controller, plus the integration with engine power train in the case of the HEV.

Power-Factor-Corrected Single-Stage Inductive Charger for Electric Vehicle Batteries

Abstract: A novel power-factor-corrected single-stage alternating current/direct current converter for inductive charging of electric vehicle batteries is introduced. The resonant converter uses the current-source characteristic of the series-parallel topology to provide power-factor correction over a wide output power range from zero to full load. Some design guidelines for this converter are outlined. An approximate small-signal model of the converter is also presented. Experimental results verify the operation of the new converter

The determination of the boundaries between continuous and discontinuous conduction modes in PWM DC-to-DC converters used as power factor preregulators

Abstract: The determination of the boundaries between both modes of conduction (continuous and discontinuous) in PWM DC-to-DC switching power converters used as power factor preregulators (PFP) is presented in this paper. When a DC-to-DC switching power converter works as a power factor preregulator, its operating point is constantly changing due to the fact that both the DC voltage conversion ratio and the load "seen" by the power converter are constantly changing in each half-sinusoid of the line voltage (input voltage of the converter). In these conditions, the conduction mode cannot be directly determined. In this paper, the boundaries between both conduction modes in each angle of the half-sinusoidal input voltage have been determined. The conditions to always operate in continuous or in discontinuous conduction modes have been determined as well. Finally, these results have been verified by simulations and experimental results. >

Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyback Converter Using a Synchronous Rectifier

Abstract: A single-stage single-switch power factor correction (PFC) flyback converter with a synchronous rectifier (SR) is proposed for improving power factor and efficiency. Using a variable switching-frequency controller, this converter is continuously operated with a reduced turn-on switching loss at the boundary of the continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The proposed PFC circuit provides relatively low dc-link voltage in the universal line voltage, and also complies with Standard IEC 61000-3-2 Class D limits. In addition, a new driving circuit as the voltage driven-synchronous rectifier is proposed to achieve high efficiency. In particular, since a driving signal is generated according to the voltage polarity, the SR driving circuit can easily be used in DCM applications. The proposed PFC circuit and SR driving circuit in the flyback converter with the reduced switching loss are analyzed in detail and optimized for high performance. Experimental results for a 19 V/90 W adapter at the variable switching-frequency of 30~70 kHz were obtained to show the performance of the proposed converter.