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Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey

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TLDR
This paper breaks down the energy consumption for the components of a typical sensor node, and discusses the main directions to energy conservation in WSNs, and presents a systematic and comprehensive taxonomy of the energy conservation schemes.
Abstract
In the last years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing attention from both the research community and actual users. As sensor nodes are generally battery-powered devices, the critical aspects to face concern how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, so that the network lifetime can be extended to reasonable times. In this paper we first break down the energy consumption for the components of a typical sensor node, and discuss the main directions to energy conservation in WSNs. Then, we present a systematic and comprehensive taxonomy of the energy conservation schemes, which are subsequently discussed in depth. Special attention has been devoted to promising solutions which have not yet obtained a wide attention in the literature, such as techniques for energy efficient data acquisition. Finally we conclude the paper with insights for research directions about energy conservation in WSNs.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview

TL;DR: The design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues

TL;DR: This paper presents the key features and the driver technologies of IoT, and identifies the application scenarios and the correspondent potential applications, and focuses on research challenges and open issues to be faced for the IoT realization in the real world.
Journal ArticleDOI

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

TL;DR: The classification initially proposed by Al-Karaki, is expanded, in order to enhance all the proposed papers since 2004 and to better describe which issues/operations in each protocol illustrate/enhance the energy-efficiency issues.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nanoscale Triboelectric-Effect-Enabled Energy Conversion for Sustainably Powering Portable Electronics

TL;DR: The TENG was systematically studied and demonstrated as a sustainable power source that can not only drive instantaneous operation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but also charge a lithium ion battery as a regulated power module for powering a wireless sensor system and a commercial cell phone, opening the chapter of impacting general people's life by nanogenerators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Wireless sensor networks: a survey on recent developments and potential synergies

TL;DR: This survey gives an overview of wireless sensor networks and their application domains including the challenges that should be addressed in order to push the technology further and identifies several open research issues that need to be investigated in future.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Wireless sensor networks: a survey

TL;DR: The concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics is described.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks

TL;DR: The Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) as mentioned in this paper is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network.

Energy-efficient communication protocols for wireless microsensor networks

TL;DR: LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network, is proposed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks

TL;DR: This paper explores and evaluates the use of directed diffusion for a simple remote-surveillance sensor network and its implications for sensing, communication and computation.
Journal Article

An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

TL;DR: S-MAC as discussed by the authors is a medium access control protocol designed for wireless sensor networks, which uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration, including virtual clusters to auto-sync on sleep schedules.
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