Epidemic Leptospirosis Associated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage—Nicaragua, 1995
Rosalie T. Trevejo,José G. Rigau-Pérez,David A. Ashford,Emily M. McClure,Carlos Jarquín-González,Juan José Amador,José O. de los Reyes,Alcides Gonzalez,Sherif R. Zaki,Wun-Ju Shieh,Robert G. McLean,Roger S. Nasci,Robbin S. Weyant,Carole A. Bolin,Sandra L. Bragg,Bradley A. Perkins,Richard A. Spiegel +16 more
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Leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for nonmalarial febrile illness, particularly during periods of flooding or when pulmonary hemorrhage occurs, according to a case-control study.Abstract:
In October 1995, epidemic "hemorrhagic fever," without jaundice or renal manifestations, was reported in rural Nicaragua following heavy flooding; 2259 residents were evaluated for nonmalarial febrile illnesses (cumulative incidence, 6.1%) and 15 (0.7%) died with pulmonary hemorrhage. A case-control study found that case-patients were more likely than controls to have ever walked in creeks (matched odds ratio [MOR], 15.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-132.3), have household rodents (MOR, 10.4; 95% CI, 1.1-97.1), or own dogs with titers >/=400 to Leptospira species (MOR, 23.4; 95% CI, 3.6-infinity). Twenty-six of 51 case-patients had serologic or postmortem evidence of acute leptospirosis. Leptospira species were isolated from case-patients and potential animal reservoirs. This leptospirosis epidemic likely resulted from exposure to flood waters contaminated by urine from infected animals, particularly dogs. Leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for nonmalarial febrile illness, particularly during periods of flooding or when pulmonary hemorrhage occurs.read more
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Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife-- Threats to Biodiversity and Human Health
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Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance
Ajay R. Bharti,Jarlath E. Nally,Jessica N. Ricaldi,Michael A. Matthias,Monica M. Diaz,Michael A. Lovett,Paul N. Levett,Robert H. Gilman,Michael R. Willig,Eduardo Gotuzzo,Joseph M. Vinetz +10 more
TL;DR: The completion of the genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai, and other continuing leptospiral genome sequencing projects, promise to guide future work on the disease.
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Leptospirosis in Humans
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Global Health Impacts of Floods: Epidemiologic Evidence
TL;DR: The epidemiologic evidence of flood-related health impacts is reviewed to identify knowledge gaps relevant to the reduction of public health impacts and to summarize and critically appraise evidence of published studies.
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TL;DR: A collaborative team of editors and authors from around the world revised the Manual to include the latest applications of genomics and proteomics, producing an authoritative work of two volumes filled with current findings regarding infectious agents, leading-edge diagnostic methods, laboratory practices, and safety guidelines.
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TL;DR: Part I: Viral, Rickettsial, And Mycoplasmal Diseases, and Part II: Clinical Problems.
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TL;DR: Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals as mentioned in this paper, Zoonoses, communicable disease common to humans and animals common to animals, Zoonosing and communicating diseases common between humans and other animals.
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