Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure.
Bruce S. Weir,C. Clark Cockerham +1 more
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The purpose of this discussion is to offer some unity to various estimation formulae and to point out that correlations of genes in structured populations, with which F-statistics are concerned, are expressed very conveniently with a set of parameters treated by Cockerham (1 969, 1973).Abstract:
This journal frequently contains papers that report values of F-statistics estimated from genetic data collected from several populations. These parameters, FST, FIT, and FIS, were introduced by Wright (1951), and offer a convenient means of summarizing population structure. While there is some disagreement about the interpretation of the quantities, there is considerably more disagreement on the method of evaluating them. Different authors make different assumptions about sample sizes or numbers of populations and handle the difficulties of multiple alleles and unequal sample sizes in different ways. Wright himself, for example, did not consider the effects of finite sample size. The purpose of this discussion is to offer some unity to various estimation formulae and to point out that correlations of genes in structured populations, with which F-statistics are concerned, are expressed very conveniently with a set of parameters treated by Cockerham (1 969, 1973). We start with the parameters and construct appropriate estimators for them, rather than beginning the discussion with various data functions. The extension of Cockerham's work to multiple alleles and loci will be made explicit, and the use of jackknife procedures for estimating variances will be advocated. All of this may be regarded as an extension of a recent treatment of estimating the coancestry coefficient to serve as a mea-read more
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Population genetics of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) introduced in North America and Europe.
TL;DR: It is shown that in spite of the increasing ease for species to spread out of their native range, in the case of the Manila clam this has not resulted in new invasion waves in the two studied continents.
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Vincent Castella,Manuel Ruedi,Laurent Excoffier,Carlos F. Ibáñez,Raphaël Arlettaz,Jacques Hausser +5 more
TL;DR: Variability at 600 bp of a mitochondrial gene confirms the existence of two genetically distinct and perfectly segregating clades, which diverged several million years ago and suggests that the North African clade is possibly a distinct taxon warranting full species rank.
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Genetic differentiation in South Amerindians is related to environmental and cultural diversity: evidence from the Y chromosome.
Eduardo Tarazona-Santos,Eduardo Tarazona-Santos,Denise Carvalho-Silva,Davide Pettener,Donata Luiselli,Gian Franco De Stefano,Cristina Martínez Labarga,Olga Rickards,Chris Tyler-Smith,Sérgio D.J. Pena,Fabrício R. Santos +10 more
TL;DR: A model for the evolution of the male lineages of South Amerindians that involves differential patterns of genetic drift and gene flow is proposed, consistent with the linguistic and cultural diversity of South America, the environmental heterogeneity of the continent, and the available paleoecological data.
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A Rapid, Strong, and Convergent Genetic Response to Urban Habitat Fragmentation in Four Divergent and Widespread Vertebrates
TL;DR: Given the striking pattern of similar and rapid effects across four common and widespread species, including a volant bird, intense urbanization may represent the most severe form of fragmentation, with minimal effective movement through the urban matrix.
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Microsatellite variation and fine‐scale population structure in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations
TL;DR: A method is presented by which the gene diversity (heterozygosity) of a subdivided population can be analyzed into its components, i.e., the gene diversities within and between subpopulations.
Book
The jackknife, the bootstrap, and other resampling plans
TL;DR: The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replication (half-sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating
TL;DR: It was found that there is no equilibrium in either case short of complete fixation locally, in spite of the linear increase in number of different ancestors with increasing number of ancestral generations, in contrast to systems (half first cousin or second cousin) in which this increase is more than linear and a steady state is rapidly attained with respect to heterozygosis.
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