Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure.
Bruce S. Weir,C. Clark Cockerham +1 more
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The purpose of this discussion is to offer some unity to various estimation formulae and to point out that correlations of genes in structured populations, with which F-statistics are concerned, are expressed very conveniently with a set of parameters treated by Cockerham (1 969, 1973).Abstract:
This journal frequently contains papers that report values of F-statistics estimated from genetic data collected from several populations. These parameters, FST, FIT, and FIS, were introduced by Wright (1951), and offer a convenient means of summarizing population structure. While there is some disagreement about the interpretation of the quantities, there is considerably more disagreement on the method of evaluating them. Different authors make different assumptions about sample sizes or numbers of populations and handle the difficulties of multiple alleles and unequal sample sizes in different ways. Wright himself, for example, did not consider the effects of finite sample size. The purpose of this discussion is to offer some unity to various estimation formulae and to point out that correlations of genes in structured populations, with which F-statistics are concerned, are expressed very conveniently with a set of parameters treated by Cockerham (1 969, 1973). We start with the parameters and construct appropriate estimators for them, rather than beginning the discussion with various data functions. The extension of Cockerham's work to multiple alleles and loci will be made explicit, and the use of jackknife procedures for estimating variances will be advocated. All of this may be regarded as an extension of a recent treatment of estimating the coancestry coefficient to serve as a mea-read more
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Genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation and loss: the case of the Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus)
Jeremy D. Dixon,Jeremy D. Dixon,Madan K. Oli,Michael C. Wooten,Thomas H. Eason,J. Walter McCown,Mark W. Cunningham +6 more
TL;DR: Habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic barriers to movement appear to have limited the dispersal capabilities of the Florida black bear, thereby reducing gene flow among populations and suggesting management actions to mitigate genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population Structure, Admixture, and Aging-Related Phenotypes in African American Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Alexander P. Reiner,Elad Ziv,Denise L. Lind,Caroline M. Nievergelt,Nicholas J. Schork,Steven R. Cummings,Steven R. Cummings,Angie Phong,Esteban G. Burchard,Tamara B. Harris,Bruce M. Psaty,Pui-Yan Kwok +11 more
TL;DR: The genetic demography underlying older individuals who self identify as African American is complex, and that controlling for both genetic admixture and socioeconomic characteristics will be required in assessing genetic associations with chronic-disease-related traits in African Americans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks ( Quercus suber and Q. ilex )
Concetta Burgarella,Z. Lorenzo,Roula Jabbour-Zahab,Roselyne Lumaret,Erwan Guichoux,Erwan Guichoux,Rémy J. Petit,Rémy J. Petit,Álvaro Soto,Luis Gil +9 more
TL;DR: This work shows that the combined application of the two complementary Bayesian approaches and their systematic validation with simulations, fit for the case at hand, helps gain resolution in the identification of admixed individuals.
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FST in a hierarchical island model.
Montgomery Slatkin,Lianne Voelm +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that in a hierarchical island model, in which demes within a neighborhood exchange migrants at a much higher rate than do demes in different neighborhoods, hierarchical F statistics introduced by S. Wright can indicate the extent of gene flow within and between neighborhoods.
Journal ArticleDOI
The city-fox phenomenon: genetic consequences of a recent colonization of urban habitat.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the two urban areas were independently founded by a small number of individuals from adjacent rural areas resulting in genetic drift and genetic differentiation between rural and urban fox populations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations
TL;DR: A method is presented by which the gene diversity (heterozygosity) of a subdivided population can be analyzed into its components, i.e., the gene diversities within and between subpopulations.
Book
The jackknife, the bootstrap, and other resampling plans
TL;DR: The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replication (half-sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating
TL;DR: It was found that there is no equilibrium in either case short of complete fixation locally, in spite of the linear increase in number of different ancestors with increasing number of ancestral generations, in contrast to systems (half first cousin or second cousin) in which this increase is more than linear and a steady state is rapidly attained with respect to heterozygosis.
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