Evolution, Discovery, and Interpretations of Arthropod Mushroom Bodies
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TLDR
An overview of the history of research on the mushroom bodies, as well as comparative and evolutionary considerations, provides a conceptual framework for discussing the roles of these neuropils.Abstract:
Mushroom bodies are prominent neuropils found in annelids and in all arthropod groups except crustaceans. First explicitly identified in 1850, the mushroom bodies differ in size and complexity between taxa, as well as between different castes of a single species of social insect. These differences led some early biologists to suggest that the mushroom bodies endow an arthropod with intelligence or the ability to execute voluntary actions, as opposed to innate behaviors. Recent physiological studies and mutant analyses have led to divergent interpretations. One interpretation is that the mushroom bodies conditionally relay to higher protocerebral centers information about sensory stimuli and the context in which they occur. Another interpretation is that they play a central role in learning and memory. Anatomical studies suggest that arthropod mushroom bodies are predominately associated with olfactory pathways except in phylogenetically basal insects. The prominent olfactory input to the mushroom body calyces in more recent insect orders is an acquired character. An overview of the history of research on the mushroom bodies, as well as comparative and evolutionary considerations, provides a conceptual framework for discussing the roles of these neuropils.read more
Citations
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Mushroom body memoir: From maps to models
TL;DR: Genetic intervention in the fly Drosophila melanogaster has provided strong evidence that the mushroom bodies of the insect brain act as the seat of a memory trace for odours, and the development of a circuit model that addresses this function might allow the mushrooms to throw light on the basic operating principles of the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
Kei Ito,Kazunori Shinomiya,Masayoshi Ito,J. Douglas Armstrong,George Boyan,Volker Hartenstein,Steffen Harzsch,Martin Heisenberg,Uwe Homberg,Arnim Jenett,Haig Keshishian,Linda L. Restifo,Wolfgang Rössler,Julie H. Simpson,Nicholas J. Strausfeld,Roland Strauss,Leslie B. Vosshall +16 more
TL;DR: A consortium of neurobiologists studying arthropod brains, the Insect Brain Name Working Group, has established the present hierarchical nomenclature system, using the brain of Drosophila melanogaster as the reference framework, while taking the brains of other taxa into careful consideration for maximum consistency and expandability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropeptides in the nervous system of Drosophila and other insects: multiple roles as neuromodulators and neurohormones.
TL;DR: Drosophila, in spite of its small size, is now emerging as a very favorable organism for the studies of neuropeptide function due to the arsenal of molecular genetics methods available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal assemblies of the Drosophila mushroom body.
TL;DR: The laminar arrangement of the Kenyon cell axons and segmented organization of the MBENs together divide the lobes into smaller synaptic units, possibly facilitating characteristic interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic neurons in each unit for different functional activities along the longitudinal lobe axes and between lobes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Odor encoding as an active, dynamical process : Experiments, computation, and theory
Gilles Laurent,Mark Stopfer,Rainer W. Friedrich,M. I. Rabinovich,Alexander Volkovskii,Henry D. I. Abarbanel +5 more
TL;DR: It is argued that early olfactory relays are active and dynamical networks, whose actions change the format of odor-related information in very specific ways, so as to refine stimulus identification.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Impaired Odour Discrimination on Desynchronization of Odour-Encoding Neural Assemblies
TL;DR: Honeybees are used to demonstrate that odour encoding involves, as it does in locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor.
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TL;DR: This review surveys the organization of the olfactory and gustatory systems in the imago and in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster, both at the sensory and the central level.
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