Journal ArticleDOI
Explaining self-esteem differences between Chinese and North Americans: Dialectical self (vs. self-consistency) or lack of positive self-regard
TLDR
This article found that the difference in self-esteem between East Asians and North Americans was driven primarily by Chinese participants' greater tendency to agree with negatively worded selfesteem items and that because of the motivation to maintain consistent responses, North Americans' response pattern varied depending on whether the first item in the selfesteem measur...Abstract:
Past studies showed that compared to North Americans, East Asians have lower self-esteem and their self-esteem scores do not predict self-esteem-related motivations and self-perceptions. These findings have been interpreted in terms of a lack of the need for positive self-regard in East Asian contexts. We posit that the East – West difference in self-esteem may arise from the popularity of the dialectical self (the idea that one can have both a positive and negative self) in East Asia and of the internally consistent self (the notion that having a positive self implies not having a negative one, and vice versa) in North America. Consistent with this idea, we found that the Chinese American difference in self-esteem level was driven primarily by Chinese participants' greater tendency to agree with negatively worded self-esteem items. Furthermore, because of the motivation to maintain consistent responses, North Americans' response pattern varied depending on whether the first item in the self-esteem measur...read more
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Reference EntryDOI
Cultural Response Bias
TL;DR: This paper found that people from Confucian-influenced societies respond differently from Australians to self-rated happiness scales, and that such differences represent valid international comparisons of life quality, but the assumption is incorrect and the reason is cultural response bias.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cultural concepts of distress and complex PTSD: Future directions for research and treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socially desirable responding in chinese university students: denial and enhancement?
Feng Li,Yongjuan Li,Yong Wang +2 more
TL;DR: A confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of responses from 600 Chinese university students provided results indicating that the four-factor model fit the data best; i.e., self-deception and impression management split into denial and enhancement.
Book ChapterDOI
Cultural processes underlying subjective well-being
Young Hoon Kim,William Tov +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being (SWB) and provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the psychological processes related to those differences and conclude that SWB may be influenced by common psychological factors (e.g., goal attainment, self-esteem).
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Journal ArticleDOI
Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health
TL;DR: Research suggesting that certain illusions may be adaptive for mental health and well-being is reviewed, examining evidence that a set of interrelated positive illusions—namely, unrealistically positive self-evaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism—can serve a wide variety of cognitive, affective, and social functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?
TL;DR: The need for positive self-regard, as it is currently conceptualized, is not a universal, but rather is rooted in significant aspects of North American culture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Culture, dialectics, and reasoning about contradiction.
Kaiping Peng,Richard E. Nisbett +1 more
TL;DR: This article found that Chinese participants preferred dialectical proverbs containing seeming contradictions more than did American participants when presented with two apparently contradictory propositions, and Chinese participants were moderately accepting of both propositions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride
E. Tory Higgins,Ronald S. Friedman,Robert E. Harlow,Lorraine Chen Idson,Ozlem Ayduk,Amy E Taylor +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a subjective history of success with promotion-related eagerness (promotion pride) orients individuals toward using eagerness means to approach a new task goal, whereas a subjective success with prevention-related vigilance (prevention pride).