Journal ArticleDOI
Expression of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 gene in the adaxial domain of Arabidopsis leaves represses cell proliferation in this domain and is critical for the development of properly expanded leaves
Hidekazu Iwakawa,Hidekazu Iwakawa,Mayumi Iwasaki,Shoko Kojima,Yoshihisa Ueno,Teppei Soma,Hirokazu Tanaka,Endang Semiarti,Endang Semiarti,Yasunori Machida,Chiyoko Machida +10 more
TLDR
Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that mutation of either AS2 or AS1 resulted in an increase in the levels of transcripts of ETTIN (ETT; also known as AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3, ARF3) and KANADI2 (KAN2), which are abaxial determinants, and YABBY5 (YAB5).Abstract:
The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene, a member of the AS2/LOB gene family, and the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana participate in the development of a symmetrical, expanded lamina. We report here the patterns of expression of these genes, and the importance of the sites of such expression in leaf development. Transcripts of both genes accumulated in the entire leaf primordia at early stages, but the patterns of accumulation changed as the leaves expanded. AS2 and AS1 transcripts were detected, respectively, in the adaxial domain and in the inner domain between the adaxial and abaxial domains of leaves. The ratios of numbers of adaxial cells to abaxial cells in cotyledons of corresponding mutant lines were greater than the ratios in wild-type cotyledons. The low levels of ectopic expression of AS2 under the control of the AS1 promoter in as2 mutant plants restored an almost normal phenotype in some cases, but also resulted in flatter leaves than those of wild-type plants. Strong expression of the construct in wild-type and as2 plants, but not as1 plants, resulted in the formation of narrow, upwardly curled leaves. Our results indicate that AS2 represses cell proliferation in the adaxial domain in the presence of AS1, and that adaxial expression of AS2 at an appropriate level is critical for the development of a symmetrical, expanded lamina. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that mutation of either AS2 or AS1 resulted in an increase in the levels of transcripts of ETTIN (ETT; also known as AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3, ARF3) and KANADI2 (KAN2), which are abaxial determinants, and YABBY5 (YAB5). Thus, AS2 and AS1 might negatively regulate the expression of these genes in the adaxial domain, which might be related to the development of flat and expanded leaves.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase, linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin.
Journal ArticleDOI
TCP Transcription Factors Regulate the Activities of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and miR164, as Well as the Auxin Response, during Differentiation of Leaves in Arabidopsis
TL;DR: It is proposed that evolutionarily diverse CIN-like TCPs have important roles in the signaling pathways that generate different leaf forms, without having any lethal effects on shoots.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct Repression of KNOX Loci by the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 Complex of Arabidopsis
Mengjuan Guo,Julie Thomas,Galen A. Collins,Galen A. Collins,Marja C.P. Timmermans,Marja C.P. Timmermans +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that AS1 and AS2 form a repressor complex that binds directly to the regulatory motifs CWGTTD and KMKTTGAHW present at two sites in the promoters of the KNOX genes BREVIPEDICELLUS and KNAT2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs): A Small Transcription Factor Family with Important Functions in Plant Biology
Mohammad Amin Omidbakhshfard,Sebastian Proost,Sebastian Proost,Ushio Fujikura,Bernd Mueller-Roeber +4 more
TL;DR: The current knowledge of the biological functions performed by GRFs is reviewed and available molecular data is surveyed to illustrate how they exert their roles at the cellular level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differentiating Arabidopsis Shoots from Leaves by Combined YABBY Activities
Rajani Sarojam,Pia Gillian Sappl,Alexander Goldshmidt,Idan Efroni,Sandra K. Floyd,Yuval Eshed,John L. Bowman,John L. Bowman +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that YABBY functions were recruited to mold modified shoot systems into flat plant appendages by translating organ polarity into lamina-specific programs that include marginal auxin flow and activation of a maturation schedule directing determinate growth.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Based on complementary vascular and leaf phenotypes of class III HD-ZIP and KANADI mutants, it is proposed that a common genetic program dependent upon miRNAs governs adaxial-abaxial patterning of leaves and radial patterned stems in the angiosperm shoot.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The action of ARGONAUTE1 in the miRNA pathway and its regulation by the miRNA pathway are crucial for plant development.
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