Showing papers in "Molecular Plant in 2015"

TL;DR: A robust CRISPR/Cas9 vector system, utilizing a plant codon optimized Cas9 gene, for convenient and high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in monocot and dicot plants and provides examples of loss-of-function gene mutations in T0 rice and Arabidopsis plants.

TL;DR: In this review, current knowledge of the genes and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism are summarized and recent progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying carOTenoid accumulation is described.

TL;DR: The biological role of amino acid catabolism is discussed, current knowledge on amino acid degradation pathways and their regulation in the context of plant cell physiology is summarized and current knowledge about building blocks for several biosynthesis pathways is summarized.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and discuss the role of the kinases in the defense against pathogen attacks.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current understanding of V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) proteins and their roles in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants.

TL;DR: The current understanding of ROS signaling and the regulatory functions of various components, including protein kinases, transcription factors, and phytohormones, in the responses of photosynthetic machinery to abiotic stress are discussed and potential areas of further studies are indicated.

TL;DR: The issues of enzymatic and chemical generation of NO in plants, NO sensing and downstream signaling, namely the putative cGMP and Ca(2+) pathways, ion-channel activity modulation, gene expression regulation, and the interface with other ROS, which can have a profound effect on both NO accumulation and function are addressed.

TL;DR: CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is a recently developed powerful technology derived from the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats system, whereby CRISPR loci were transcribed into non-coding RNAs, which can form a complex with Cas proteins to mediate the cleavage of complementary invading DNA.

TL;DR: The cloning and characterization of a dominant QTL, grain size on chromosome 2 (GS2), which encodes Growth-Regulating Factor 4 (OsGRF4), a transcriptional regulator is reported, which could significantly enhance grain weight and increase grain yield in rice cultivars.

TL;DR: In this article, small auxin up RNAs (SAURs) are shown to activate plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases and promote cell expansion.

TL;DR: The comprehensively survey the conserved and diverse functions of the FT/TFL1 gene family throughout the plant kingdom, summarize new findings regarding the unique evolution of FT in multiple species, and highlight recent work elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these proteins.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of the biological functions performed by GRFs is reviewed and available molecular data is surveyed to illustrate how they exert their roles at the cellular level.

TL;DR: The most widely used approach for editing plant genomes involves generating targeted double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and harnessing the two main DSB repair pathways: imprecise non-homologous end joining and precise homology-directed repair.

TL;DR: This review highlights the age-dependent flowering pathway with a focus on a number of timing miRNAs in determining such a key process and approaches to study the flowering-determining mi RNAs, their interactions, and applications are presented.

TL;DR: Accumulating evidence shows that the regulatory circuit around the miR156/SPL module is highly conserved among phylogenetically distinct plant species, and plays important roles in regulating plant fitness, biomass, and yield.

TL;DR: It is found that orchids have a complete inflorescence gene set and have some specific inflorescence genes, and that the pathway of D. officinale alkaloid synthesis could be extended to generate 16-epivellosimine.

TL;DR: The Bellwether Phenotyping Platform for controlled-environment plant growth and automated multimodal phenotyping is described and significant effects of genotype and environment on height, biomass, water-use efficiency, color, plant architecture, and tissue water status traits are detected.

TL;DR: This review examines the roles that alleles of circadian clock genes have played in domestication and improvement of crop plants and focuses on three groups of circadianclock genes essential to clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana: PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs, GIGANTEA, and the evening complex genes early flowering 3, early flowering 4, and lux arrhythmo.

TL;DR: The transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing systems have greatly improved the efficiency for generating targeted mutations in various organisms including plants.

TL;DR: The results indicate that ABA promotes artemisinin biosynthesis, likely through 1 activation of ADS and CYP71AV1 expression by AabZIP in A. annua, and reveal the potential value of AABZIP1 in genetic engineering of art Artemisinin production.

TL;DR: The results suggest that NIP3;1 is involved in arsenite uptake and root-to-shoot translocation in Arabidopsis, probably as a passive and bidirectional arsenite transporter.

TL;DR: This study provides a genetic and biochemical model of how photoactivated phyB represses the activity of COP1-SPA1 complex through direct interaction with SPA1 to promote photomorphogenesis in red light.

TL;DR: This review compares the ethylene response phenotypes of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis, rice, and other monocotyledonous plants and pinpoint that rice has a distinct phenotype of root inhibition but coleoptile promotion in etiolated seedlings upon ethylene treatment.

TL;DR: Common experimental approaches to SNP calling are summarized, highlighting recent polyploid successes and a series of best practices for SNP calling in polyploids are proposed.

TL;DR: R-GECO1 is able to report flg22- and chitin-induced Ca(2+) signals on a cellular scale, which allowed identification of defined [Ca(2+)]cyt oscillations in epidermal and guard cells in response to the fungal elicitor chit in this study.

TL;DR: It is argued that cytokinin accumulation is a key step in the pathway leading to nodule organogenesis and that this is tightly controlled by feedback loops.

TL;DR: In mature seeds, germination is repressed by abscisic acid (ABA), while favorable environmental conditions promote gibberellin biosynthesis and decrease ABA (Holdsworth et al.,2008).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the molecular mechanisms involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and its steps are well known, including the recognition through Dicer-like ribonucleases (DCL) of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is generated during viral replication.

TL;DR: Examples of post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular mobilization of TFs are discussed with regard to the relevance of these regulatory mechanisms for the specific activation of MYBs and bHLHs in response to a given environmental stimulus.

TL;DR: Results indicate that TAR1 is a key component of the molecular network regulating trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua.