Fate of estrogens in a municipal sewage treatment plant.

TLDR: The main outcome of the study was that a common municipal STP with an activated sludge system for nitrification and denitrification including sludge recirculation can appreciably eliminate natural and synthetic estrogens.

Abstract: The fate of the highly potent endocrine disrupters estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was investigated in mechanical and biological sewage treatment as well as in sewage-sludge treatment at a municipal German sewage treatment plant (STP). The main outcome of the study was that a common municipal STP with an activated sludge system for nitrification and denitrification including sludge recirculation can appreciably eliminate natural and synthetic estrogens. As a consequence, the endocrine effects of biota in the receiving waters should be significantly reduced. All estrogen concentrations decreased gradually along the treatment train. In the STP effluent, the steroid estrogen concentrations were always below the quantification limit of 1 ng/L. The elimination efficiency of the natural estrogens (E1 and E2) exceeded 98%, and EE2 was reduced by more than 90%. The natural estrogens were largely degraded biologically in the denitrifying and aerated nitrifying tanks of the activate...