Open AccessJournal Article
Gender disparity in infections of Hepatitis B virus.
TLDR
There may be an influence of estrogen in the protection and defense of hepatic cells against the development of chronic liver disease and the male to female ratio increased during the reproductive years.Abstract:
Gender differences prevail in the infections caused by the Hepatitis B virus. Four hundred and seventy two patients with HBV infection were selected for the study. The frequency of hepatic infection in males was 79.5% (n=375) and in females 20.5% (n=97), with a male to female ratio of 3.8:1. Out of 472 patients, 49% had acute hepatitis, 26% were carriers, 18% had chronic hepatitis, 6% had cirrhosis and 3% patients had hepatocellular carcinoma. Male dominance was found to be consistent in all categories of patients. When the patients were divided into groups according to age, the male to female ratio increased during the reproductive years. There may be an influence of estrogen in the protection and defense of hepatic cells against the development of chronic liver disease.read more
Citations
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How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination
TL;DR: This review deals with the aging immune system and its interplay with sex steroid hormones and suggests interventions, which distinctively consider the changing level of individual hormones, shall provide potent options in maintaining optimal immune functions.
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Androgen receptor roles in hepatocellular carcinoma, fatty liver, cirrhosis and hepatitis
TL;DR: There is evidence that therapy comprising Sorafenib and agents that enhance the functional expression of AR may suppress the progression of late-stage HCC, and androgen/AR signaling has been shown to suppress metastasis of HCC in patients withLate-stage disease.
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Hepatitis E virus in England and Wales: indigenous infection is associated with the consumption of processed pork products.
TL;DR: Although contamination of sausages with HEV has previously been shown this study also raises concerns about other processed pork products and whether current practice in preparing these products is sufficient to prevent transmission of HEV.
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Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity: The Role of Sex Hormones and Epigenetics.
Rebecca Shepherd,Ada S Cheung,Ken C Pang,Richard Saffery,Richard Saffery,Boris Novakovic,Boris Novakovic +6 more
TL;DR: A review of the evidence for sex hormones and pregnancy-associated hormones as drivers of epigenetic change, and how this may contribute to the sexual dimorphism is presented in this paper.
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocellular carcinoma gender disparity
TL;DR: The role of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis dysregulation in the characterization of the molecular mechanisms of gender disparity in the development of HCC is discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic hepatitis B.
TL;DR: A large number of the patients diagnosed with hepatitis B in this study had no known history of cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex hormones and liver cancer.
TL;DR: The potential role of sex hormones in liver carcinogenesis has been reviewed and it is found that androgens and estrogen are potential factors to induce or at least promote hepatic carcinogenesis.
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Inflammation, HCC and sex: IL-6 in the centre of the triangle.
TL;DR: It is proposed that estrogen-mediated inhibition of IL-6 production by KCs reduces liver cancer risk in females, and these findings may be used to prevent HCC in males.
Journal Article
Variant Estrogen Receptor Messenger RNA Species Detected in Human Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Erica Villa,Lorenzo Camellini,A Dugani,Fabrizio Zucchi,Antonella Grottola,A. Merighi,P. Buttafoco,Lorena Losi,Federico Manenti +8 more
TL;DR: Variant estrogen receptor transcripts (lacking exon 5 of the hormone binding domain) were investigated by reverse transcription-PCR in patients with HCC and may be key factors in favoring deregulated proliferation in the male liver.