Genome-wide association mapping of salinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa)
Vinod Kumar,Anshuman Singh,S. V. Amitha Mithra,S. L. Krishnamurthy,Swarup K. Parida,Sourabh Jain,Kapil K. Tiwari,Pankaj Kumar,Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao,S. K. Sharma,Jitendra P. Khurana,Nagendra K. Singh,Trilochan Mohapatra +12 more
TLDR
The region harbouring Saltol, a major quantitative trait loci on chromosome 1 in rice, which is known to control salinity tolerance at seedling stage, was detected as a major association with Na+/K+ ratio measured at reproductive stage in this study.Abstract:
Salinity tolerance in rice is highly desirable to sustain production in areas rendered saline due tovarious reasons. It is a complex quantitative trait having different components, which can be dissected effectively by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Here, we implemented GWAS to identify loci controlling salinity tolerance in rice. A custom-designed array based on 6,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in as many stress-responsive genes, distributed at an average physical interval of <100 kb on 12 rice chromosomes, was used to genotype 220 rice accessions using Infinium highthroughput assay. Genetic association was analysed with 12 different traits recorded on these accessions under field conditions at reproductive stage. We identified 20 SNPs (loci) significantly associated with Na + /K + ratio, and 44 SNPs with other traits observed under stress condition. The loci identified for various salinity indices through GWAS explained 5–18% of the phenotypic variance. The region harbouring Saltol, a major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 1 in rice, which is known to control salinity tolerance at seedling stage, was detected as a major association with Na + / K + ratio measured at reproductive stage in our study. In addition to Saltol, we also found GWAS peaks representing new QTLs on chromosomes 4, 6 and 7. The current association mapping panel contained mostly indica accessions that can serve as source of novel salt tolerance genes and alleles. The gene-based SNP array used in this study was found cost-effective and efficient in unveiling genomic regions/candidate genes regulating salinity stress tolerance in rice.read more
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Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review.
TL;DR: The causes ofClimate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change are summarized in order to develop climate resilient crops.
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Landrace Germplasm for Improving Yield and Abiotic Stress Adaptation
Sangam L. Dwivedi,Salvatore Ceccarelli,Matthew W. Blair,Hari D. Upadhyaya,Ashok Kumar Are,Rodomiro Ortiz +5 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that a systematic landrace evaluation may define patterns of diversity, which will facilitate identifying alleles for enhancing yield and abiotic stress adaptation, thus raising the productivity and stability of staple crops in vulnerable environments.
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Plant abiotic stress challenges from the changing environment
TL;DR: The challenges of abiotic stress on plant growth and development are evident among the emerging ecological impacts of climate change, and the constraints to crop production exacerbated with the increasing human population competing for environmental resources.
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Smart Engineering of Genetic Resources for Enhanced Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants
Ahmad Arzani,Muhammad Ashraf +1 more
TL;DR: The molecular dissection of salinity-tolerance trait, accompanying the classical quantitative genetics, is a substantial progress in updating tools and methods for the manipulation of plant genomes.
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Rice Improvement Through Genome-Based Functional Analysis and Molecular Breeding in India.
Pinky Agarwal,Swarup K. Parida,Saurabh Raghuvanshi,Sanjay Kapoor,Paramjit Khurana,Jitendra P. Khurana,Akhilesh K. Tyagi +6 more
TL;DR: India has continued to contribute in the areas of diversity analysis, transcriptomics, functional genomics, marker development, QTL mapping and molecular breeding, through national and multi-national research programs.
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