Genome-wide investigation of the role of the tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking pathway in regulation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome and proteome.
Hui-Yi Chu,Anita K. Hopper +1 more
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Information is provided that tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics is connected to the biogenesis of proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis and that the methionine, arginine, and leucine biosynthesis pathways are targets of the tRNA retrograde process.Abstract:
In eukaryotic cells, tRNAs are transcribed and partially processed in the nucleus before they are exported to the cytoplasm, where they have an essential role in protein synthesis. Surprisingly, mature cytoplasmic tRNAs shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm, and tRNA subcellular distribution is nutrient dependent. At least three members of the β-importin family, Los1, Mtr10, and Msn5, function in tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic intracellular movement. To test the hypothesis that the tRNA retrograde pathway regulates the translation of particular transcripts, we compared the expression profiles from nontranslating mRNAs and polyribosome-associated translating mRNAs collected from msn5Δ, mtr10Δ, and wild-type cells under fed or acute amino acid depletion conditions. Our microarray data revealed that the methionine, arginine, and leucine biosynthesis pathways are targets of the tRNA retrograde process. We confirmed the microarray data by Northern and Western blot analyses. The levels of some of the particular target mRNAs were reduced, while others appeared not to be affected. However, the protein levels of all tested targets in these pathways were greatly decreased when tRNA nuclear import or reexport to the cytoplasm was disrupted. This study provides information that tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics is connected to the biogenesis of proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis.read more
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Biological significance of the importin-β family-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways.
Makoto Kimura,Naoko Imamoto +1 more
TL;DR: A review of recent reports on the regulation and biological functions of the Imp‐βs highlights the significance of the transport pathways in physiological contexts and points out the possibility that the identification of yet unknown specific cargoes will reinforce the importance of transport regulation.
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Diverse cell stresses induce unique patterns of tRNA up- and down-regulation: tRNA-seq for quantifying changes in tRNA copy number
TL;DR: A next-generation sequencing method that exploits the paucity of ribonucleoside modifications at the 3′-end of tRNAs to quantify changes in all cellular tRNA molecules suggests that translational control of stress response involves a contribution from tRNA abundance.
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Why should cancer biologists care about tRNAs? tRNA synthesis, mRNA translation and the control of growth.
TL;DR: The understanding of how tRNA biology may be linked to the regulation of mRNA translation, growth and tumorigenesis is highlighted and some recent work shows how alterations in tRNA synthesis may be not only necessary, but also sufficient to drive changes in mRNA translation and growth.
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Retrograde transfer RNA nuclear import provides a new level of tRNA quality control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Emily B. Kramer,Anita K. Hopper +1 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the retrograde process provides a newly discovered level of tRNA quality control as a pathway that monitors both end processing of pre-tRNAs and the modification state of mature tRNAs is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
tRNA dynamics between the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondrial surface: Location, location, location.
TL;DR: The 3 steps of tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic movements and their regulation are described and the localization of the SEN complex to mitochondria and splicing of pre-tRNA on mitochondria is described, which occurs prior to the participation of tRNAs in protein translation.
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