Journal ArticleDOI
Genotoxic effects of styrene-7,8-oxide in human white blood cells: comet assay in relation to the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and micronuclei.
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TLDR
It is shown that SO induces DNA damage, SCE and MN in human leukocytes in vitro at concentrations above 50 microM, and that there is a strong relationship betweenDNA damage, as measured by the comet assay, and cytogenetic damage induced by SO at the doses employed.Abstract:
Styrene is used in the production of plastics, resins and rubber. The highest human exposures to styrene take place by inhalation during the production of fiberglass reinforced plastics. Styrene is metabolized mainly in the liver to styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), its principal in vivo mutagenic metabolite. In this study, human peripheral white blood cells were exposed to several SO concentrations (10–200 μM) in order to evaluate its genotoxic properties by means of comet assay, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (MN) test, in addition to determine its clastogenic or aneugenic properties by combining MN with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures. Our results show that SO induces DNA damage, SCE and MN in human leukocytes in vitro at concentrations above 50 μM, and that there is a strong relationship between DNA damage, as measured by the comet assay, and cytogenetic damage induced by SO at the doses employed. SO shows preferently a clastogenic activity and produces a cytostatic effect at high doses, reflected by the significant decrease of the calculated proliferation indices. A good dose-effect relationship is obtained in the three tests performed at the concentration range assayed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
What do human micronuclei contain
Hannu Norppa,Ghita C.-M. Falck +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding the mechanistic origin and contents of MN is essential for the proper use of this cytogenetic end-point in biomarker studies, genotoxicity testing and risk assessment, where differences in MN frequencies between exposed subjects and referents are expected to be small.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of DNA damage by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-acid- and butachlor-exposed erythrocytes of Clarias batrachus.
TL;DR: This study confirmed that the comet assay applied on the fish erythrocyte is a useful tool in determining potential genotoxicity of water pollutants and might be appropriate as a part of a monitoring program.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of genotoxic effects in a group of workers exposed to low levels of styrene
TL;DR: The high correlation obtained among SCE and MN frequencies and comet tail length, and the increase of these parameters in the exposed group with regard to control group justify the use of these three biomarkers in the evaluation of genotoxic effects in human populations exposed to styrene.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Vitro genotoxic effects of different combinations of cobalt and metallic carbide particles
Marlies De Boeck,Noömi Lombaert,Sofie De Backer,Robert Finsy,Dominique Lison,Micheline Kirsch-Volders +5 more
TL;DR: Evaluated in vitro genotoxicity of other combinations of Co with metal carbide particles in comparison with WC-Co indicates that particular interaction of a metal carbides with Co leading to enhanced mutagenicity is not specific for WC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occupational exposure to styrene: modulation of cytogenetic damage and levels of urinary metabolites of styrene by polymorphisms in genes CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1
João Paulo Teixeira,Jorge Gaspar,Susana Silva,Joana Torres,Susana N. Silva,M.Conceição Azevedo,Paula Neves,Blanca Laffon,Josefina Méndez,Carla Gonçalves,Olga Mayan,Peter B. Farmer,José Rueff +12 more
TL;DR: The present data seem to suggest that apart from the methodology usually used for monitoring populations occupationally exposed to styrene the analysis of individual genotypes associated with the metabolic fate of styrene should also be carried out in order to evaluate the individual genetic susceptibility of exposed populations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells
TL;DR: Human lymphocytes were exposed to X-irradiation or treated with H2O2 and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions and this technique appears to be sensitive and useful for detecting damage and repair in single cells.
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New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids
Paul Perry,Sheldon Wolff +1 more
TL;DR: If human lymphocytes1 or Chinese hamster2 cells are treated with the base analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine in the latter part of the S period, Giemsa stained chromosomes exhibit a pattern of condensed and extended segments along their length, allowing the identification of the two chromatids, and the observation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) without recourse to autoradiography.
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Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The cytokinesis-block method appears to be the procedure of choice for quantitating micronuclei in lymphocytes and was of no value for measuring pre-existing chromosomal damage present in vivo.
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Heterogeneity in radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in tumor and normal cells measured using the comet assay
TL;DR: Tumor and normal cells showed significant heterogeneity in damage produced by ionizing radiation, although the average amount of damage increased linearly with dose and suggested similar net radiosensitivities for the two cell types.
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The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique: A detailed description of the method and its application to genotoxicity studies in human populations
TL;DR: The versatility and simplicity of the CBMN assay together with new developments in automation should ensure its successful application in monitoring exposed populations as well as in identifying mutagen-sensitive individuals within a population.