Global patterns of genetic variation in plant species along vertical and horizontal gradients on mountains
Takafumi Ohsawa,Yuji Ide +1 more
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TLDR
Findings suggest that zoning by altitudes or ridges would be helpful for the conservation of tree populations with the onset of global warming and highlight the importance of phenotypic examinations in detecting altitudinal differences.Abstract:
Aim To understand global patterns of genetic variation in plant species on mountains and to consider the significance of mountains for the genetic structure and evolution of plant species. Location Global. Methods We review published studies. Results Genetic diversity within populations can vary along altitudinal gradients in one of four patterns. Eleven of 42 cited studies (26% of the total) found that populations at intermediate altitudes have greater diversity than populations at lower and higher altitudes. This is because the geographically central populations are under optimal environmental conditions, whereas the peripheral populations are in suboptimal situations. The second pattern, indicating that higher populations have less diversity than lower populations, was found in eight studies (19%). The third pattern, indicating that lower populations have lower diversity than higher populations, was found in 10 studies (24%). In 12 studies (29%), the intrapopulation genetic variation was found to be unaffected by altitude. Evidence of altitudinal differentiation was found in more than half of these studies, based on measurements of a range of variables including genome size, number of chromosomes or a range of loci using molecular markers. Furthermore, great variation has been found in phenotypes among populations at different altitudes in situ and in common garden experiments, even in cases where there was no associated variation in molecular composition. Mountains can be genetic barriers for species that are distributed at low elevations, but they can also provide pathways for species that occupy high-elevation habitats. [Correction added after publication 9 October 2007: ‘less diversity’ changed to ‘greater diversity’ in the second sentence of the Results section of the Abstract]. Main conclusions Genetic diversity within populations can vary along altitudinal gradients as a result of several factors. The results highlight the importance of phenotypic examinations in detecting altitudinal differences. The influence of mountain ridges on genetic differentiation varies depending, inter alia , on the elevation at which the species occurs. Based on these findings, zoning by altitudes or ridges would be helpful for the conservation of tree populations with the onset of global warming.read more
Citations
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Demography of the upward-shifting temperate woody species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum complex and ecologically relevant adaptive divergence in its trailing edge populations
Chia Ying Chen,Bo Kai Liang,Jeng Der Chung,Chung Te Chang,Yi Chiang Hsieh,Teng Chiu Lin,Shih Ying Hwang +6 more
TL;DR: Adaptive evolution in the trailing edge populations of the upward shifting R. pseudochrysanthum complex is indicated and an outlier potentially under positive selection specific to R. rubropunctatum populations was identified and strongly associated with ecologically relevant environmental variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in the Karakoram Mountains of Northern Pakistan
Muhammad Arslan Nawaz,Konstantin V. Krutovsky,Markus Mueller,Oliver Gailing,Asif Ali Khan,Andreas Buerkert,Martin Wiehle +6 more
TL;DR: Considering high allelic richness and genetic diversity, the Gilgit-Baltistan territory seems to be a promising source for selection of improved germplasm in sea buckthorn.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions between mountain birch seedlings from differentiated populations in contrasting environments of subarctic Russia.
TL;DR: A within-species experiment was conducted to test SGH in three stress gradients, detect potential local adaptations between low and high stress populations, and assess their effects on seedling-seedling interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Divergent selection along elevational gradients promotes genetic and phenotypic disparities among small mammal populations.
TL;DR: A novel finding of this study is that predator richness emerged as an important factor associated with the intraspecific diversification of the mammalian skull along elevational gradients, a previously overlooked parameter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of Aesculus hippocastanum L. in Greece.
Łukasz Walas,Petros Ganatsas,Grzegorz Iszkuło,Grzegorz Iszkuło,Peter Thomas,Peter Thomas,Monika Dering +6 more
TL;DR: The species showed high genetic diversity and moderate differentiation for which topography, progressive range contraction through the species’ history and long-term persistence in stable climatic refugia are likely responsible, and modelling results indicated that future reduction of the species range may affect its survival.
References
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