Greenhouse gas emissions from farmed organic soils: a review
Å. Kasimir-Klemedtsson,Leif Klemedtsson,Kerstin Berglund,Pertti J. Martikainen,Jouko Silvola,Oene Oenema +5 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors address the emissions and possible control of the three greenhouse gases by different managements of organic soils, and present the present trace gas fluxes from these soils, as well as predictions of future emissions under alternative management regimes.Abstract:
. The large boreal peatland ecosystems sequester carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere due to a low oxygen pressure in waterlogged peat. Consequently they are sinks for CO2 and strong emitters of CH4. Drainage and cultivation of peatlands allows oxygen to enter the soil, which initiates decomposition of the stored organic material, and in turn CO2 and N2O emissions increase while CH4 emissions decrease. Compared to undrained peat, draining of organic soils for agricultural purposes increases the emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) by roughly 1t CO2 equivalents/ha per year. Although farmed organic soils in most European countries represent a minor part of the total agricultural area, these soils contribute significantly to national greenhouse gas budgets. Consequently, farmed organic soils are potential targets for policy makers in search of socially acceptable and economically cost-efficient measures to mitigate climate gas emissions from agriculture. Despite a scarcity of knowledge about greenhouse gas emissions from these soils, this paper addresses the emissions and possible control of the three greenhouse gases by different managements of organic soils. More precise information is needed regarding the present trace gas fluxes from these soils, as well as predictions of future emissions under alternative management regimes, before any definite policies can be devised.read more
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Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales
Erik J. Nelson,Guillermo Mendoza,James Regetz,Stephen Polasky,Heather Tallis,DRichard Cameron,Kai M. A. Chan,Gretchen C. Daily,Joshua H. Goldstein,Peter Kareiva,Eric V. Lonsdorf,Robin Naidoo,Taylor H. Ricketts,MRebecca Shaw +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use a spatially explicit modeling tool, integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST), to predict changes in ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and commodity production levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture
Pete Smith,Daniel Martino,Zucong Cai,Daniel Gwary,H. Henry Janzen,Pushpam Kumar,Bruce A. McCarl,Stephen M. Ogle,Frank P. O'Mara,Charles W. Rice,Bob Scholes,O D Sirotenko,Mark Howden,Tim A. McAllister,Genxing Pan,V. Romanenkov,Uwe A. Schneider,Sirintornthep Towprayoon,Martin Wattenbach,Jo Smith +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, the economic potential of agricultural practices, such as water and rice management, set-aside, land use change and agroforestry, livestock management and manure management, is estimated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes
TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines the interactions between soil physical factors and the biological processes responsible for the production and consumption in soils of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and ozone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe
TL;DR: In this article, technical and economically viable potentials for carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe by 2008-2012 are analysed against a business-as-usual scenario, and the authors provide a quantitative estimation of the carbon absorption potential per hectare and the surface of agricultural land that is available and suitable for the implementation of those measures, their environmental effects as well as the effects on farm income.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emissions of N2O and NO from fertilized fields: Summary of available measurement data
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of various factors regulating emissions from mineral soils was assessed using 846 N2O emission measurements in agricultural fields and 99 measurements for NO emissions, and the available data can be used to develop simple models based on the major regulating factors which describe the spatial variability of emissions of N 2O and NO with less uncertainty than emission factor approaches based on country N inputs.
References
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Northern Peatlands: Role in the Carbon Cycle and Probable Responses to Climatic Warming.
TL;DR: Satellite-monitoring of the abundance of open water in the peatlands of the West Siberian Plain and the Hudson/James Bay Lowland is suggested as a likely method of detecting early effects of climatic warming upon boreal and subarctic peatland environments.
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A most beautiful polar low. A case study of a polar low development in the Bear Island region
Thor Erik Nordeng,Erik Rasmussen +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a polar low with an unusual symmetric cloud field around a central eye, which strongly resembles a small-scale tropical storm is discussed, and the possibility of self-induced development during the maintenance phase from the release of latent heat is discussed.
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Patterns of Change in the Carbon Balance of Organic Soil-Wetlands of the Temperate Zone
T. V. Armentano,Eric S. Menges +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a computer model was used to track the consequent changes in the carbon balance of nine wetland regions in the temperate zone of the United States and Europe.