Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems
Nick M. Haddad,Lars A. Brudvig,Jean Clobert,Kendi F. Davies,Andrew Gonzalez,Robert D. Holt,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Joseph O. Sexton,Mike P. Austin,Cathy D. Collins,William M. Cook,Ellen I. Damschen,Robert M. Ewers,Bryan L. Foster,Clinton N. Jenkins,Andrew J. King,William F. Laurance,Douglas J. Levey,Chris Margules,Chris Margules,Brett A. Melbourne,A. O. Nicholls,A. O. Nicholls,John L. Orrock,Dan-Xia Song,John R. Townshend +25 more
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An analysis of global forest cover is conducted to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest’s edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation, indicating an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity.Abstract:
We conducted an analysis of global forest cover to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest’s edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation. A synthesis of fragmentation experiments spanning multiple biomes and scales, five continents, and 35 year sd emonstrates that habitatfragmentation reduces biodiversity by 13 to 75% and impairs key ecosystem functions by decreasing biomass and altering nutrient cycles. Effects are greatest in the smallest and most isolated fragments, and they magnify with the passage of time. These findings indicate an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity, which will reduce extinction rates and help maintain ecosystem services.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aeroconservation for the Fragmented Skies
Book ChapterDOI
Biodiversity Response To Habitat Loss And Fragmentation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present key definitions and synthesize the processes underlying the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation, what we know and what is needed to advance our understanding on habitat loss, and how to mitigate them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Secondary forest regeneration benefits old-growth specialist bats in a fragmented tropical landscape.
Ricardo Rocha,Ricardo Rocha,Ricardo Rocha,Otso Ovaskainen,Otso Ovaskainen,Adrià López-Baucells,Adrià López-Baucells,Adrià López-Baucells,Fábio Z. Farneda,Fábio Z. Farneda,Fábio Z. Farneda,Erica M. Sampaio,Erica M. Sampaio,Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec,Mar Cabeza,Jorge M. Palmeirim,Jorge M. Palmeirim,Christoph F. J. Meyer,Christoph F. J. Meyer,Christoph F. J. Meyer +19 more
TL;DR: The results show that the conservation potential of secondary forests for reverting faunal declines in fragmented tropical landscapes increases with secondary forest age and that old-growth specialists are the greatest beneficiaries of secondary forest maturation.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Mining Concessions Could Severely Decrease Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Ecuador
Bitty A. Roy,Martin Zorrilla,Lorena Endara,Daniel Thomas,Roo Vandegrift,Jesse M. Rubenstein,Tobias Policha,Blanca Ríos-Touma,Morley Read +8 more
TL;DR: The threat of extinction for some of the world's highest biodiversity has dramatically increased since the arrival of the Amazon rainforest in the early 1970s as discussed by the authors, despite being only a tiny fraction of the entire world's land area.
Journal ArticleDOI
A New Framework for Urban Ecology: An Integration of Proximate and Ultimate Responses to Anthropogenic Change
Jenny Q. Ouyang,Caroline Isaksson,Chloé Schmidt,Pierce Hutton,Frances Bonier,Davide M. Dominoni +5 more
TL;DR: Four important research topics are identified that will advance the field of urban ecology and shed light on the proximate and ultimate causes of the phenotypic differences commonly seen among species and populations that vary in their responses to urbanization.
References
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Book
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: The Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
Journal ArticleDOI
High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change
Matthew C. Hansen,Peter Potapov,Rebecca Moore,M. Hancher,Svetlana Turubanova,Alexandra Tyukavina,David Thau,Stephen V. Stehman,Scott J. Goetz,Thomas R. Loveland,Anil Kommareddy,A. Egorov,Louise Chini,Christopher O. Justice,John R. Townshend +14 more
TL;DR: Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally, and boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the term "fragmentation" should be reserved for the breaking apart of habitat, independent of habitat loss, and that fragmentation per se has much weaker effects on biodiversity that are at least as likely to be positive as negative.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solutions for a cultivated planet
Jonathan A. Foley,Navin Ramankutty,Kate A. Brauman,E. S. Cassidy,James S. Gerber,M. Johnston,Nathaniel D. Mueller,Christine S. O’Connell,Deepak K. Ray,Paul C. West,Christian Balzer,Elena M. Bennett,Stephen R. Carpenter,Jason Hill,Chad Monfreda,Stephen Polasky,Johan Rockström,John Sheehan,Stefan Siebert,David Tilman,David P. M. Zaks +20 more
TL;DR: It is shown that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion, closing ‘yield gaps’ on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency, shifting diets and reducing waste, which could double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.