Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems
Nick M. Haddad,Lars A. Brudvig,Jean Clobert,Kendi F. Davies,Andrew Gonzalez,Robert D. Holt,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Joseph O. Sexton,Mike P. Austin,Cathy D. Collins,William M. Cook,Ellen I. Damschen,Robert M. Ewers,Bryan L. Foster,Clinton N. Jenkins,Andrew J. King,William F. Laurance,Douglas J. Levey,Chris Margules,Chris Margules,Brett A. Melbourne,A. O. Nicholls,A. O. Nicholls,John L. Orrock,Dan-Xia Song,John R. Townshend +25 more
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TLDR
An analysis of global forest cover is conducted to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest’s edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation, indicating an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity.Abstract:
We conducted an analysis of global forest cover to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest’s edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation. A synthesis of fragmentation experiments spanning multiple biomes and scales, five continents, and 35 year sd emonstrates that habitatfragmentation reduces biodiversity by 13 to 75% and impairs key ecosystem functions by decreasing biomass and altering nutrient cycles. Effects are greatest in the smallest and most isolated fragments, and they magnify with the passage of time. These findings indicate an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity, which will reduce extinction rates and help maintain ecosystem services.read more
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Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to 2017
David M. Theobald,Christina M. Kennedy,Bin Chen,James R. Oakleaf,Sharon Baruch-Mordo,Joseph M. Kiesecker +5 more
TL;DR: Theobald et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the expansion of and increase in human modification between 1990 and 2015 resulted in 1.6 million km2 of natural land lost, and the biomes with the greatest loss were mangroves, tropical and sub-tropical moist broadleaf forests, and tropical and subtropical dry broadband forests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Major perturbations in the Earth's forest ecosystems. Possible implications for global warming
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the main perturbations Earth forest ecosystems are currently facing, both the obvious (e.g. deforestation) and discrete/silent ones such as defaunation, that have generally not yet been tackled strictly as ecological forest issues in the international scientific literature.
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Sixty-Seven Years of Land-Use Change in Southern Costa Rica.
TL;DR: The vicinity of the Las Cruces Biological Station in southern Costa Rica is used as a regional case study to document seven decades of land-use change in one of the most intensively studied sites in the Neotropics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Island biogeography of soil bacteria and fungi: similar patterns, but different mechanisms.
Shaopeng Li,Shaopeng Li,Pandeng Wang,Pandeng Wang,Yongjian Chen,Maxwell C. Wilson,Xian Yang,Chao Ma,Jianbo Lu,Xiao-Yong Chen,Jianguo Wu,Wen-Sheng Shu,Lin Jiang +12 more
TL;DR: This study suggests that different mechanisms underlie similar island biogeography patterns of soil bacteria and fungi, whereas within-island dispersal limitation generates the fungal island species-area relationship.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spatial scaling of species interaction networks.
Núria Galiana,Miguel Lurgi,Bernat Claramunt-López,Marie-Josée Fortin,Shawn J. Leroux,Kevin Cazelles,Kevin Cazelles,Dominique Gravel,José M. Montoya +8 more
TL;DR: A new theoretical framework is developed that enables us to explore how different assembly mechanisms and theoretical models affect multiple properties of ecological networks across space and presents a number of testable predictions on network–area relationships (NARs) for multi-trophic communities.
References
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Book
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: The Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
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High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change
Matthew C. Hansen,Peter Potapov,Rebecca Moore,M. Hancher,Svetlana Turubanova,Alexandra Tyukavina,David Thau,Stephen V. Stehman,Scott J. Goetz,Thomas R. Loveland,Anil Kommareddy,A. Egorov,Louise Chini,Christopher O. Justice,John R. Townshend +14 more
TL;DR: Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally, and boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms.
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Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth
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Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the term "fragmentation" should be reserved for the breaking apart of habitat, independent of habitat loss, and that fragmentation per se has much weaker effects on biodiversity that are at least as likely to be positive as negative.
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Solutions for a cultivated planet
Jonathan A. Foley,Navin Ramankutty,Kate A. Brauman,E. S. Cassidy,James S. Gerber,M. Johnston,Nathaniel D. Mueller,Christine S. O’Connell,Deepak K. Ray,Paul C. West,Christian Balzer,Elena M. Bennett,Stephen R. Carpenter,Jason Hill,Chad Monfreda,Stephen Polasky,Johan Rockström,John Sheehan,Stefan Siebert,David Tilman,David P. M. Zaks +20 more
TL;DR: It is shown that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion, closing ‘yield gaps’ on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency, shifting diets and reducing waste, which could double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.