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High stocking density produces crowding stress altering some physiological and biochemical parameters in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, juveniles

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TLDR
The results of this study showed that high stocking density produced a chronic stress situation and there was both haemoconcentration and a decrease in alternative complement pathway, an important component of the immune system of fish.
Abstract
High stocking density has been shown to produce a wide variety of effects on cultured fish populations, such as alterations in behavior and poor feed utilization, resulting in mortality and poor growth. High stocking density has also been reported to produce chronic stress and mobilization of energy sources in fish. There are few studies focusing on the effect of high stocking density on one of the most important marine fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Consequently, this study investigates the effect of high stocking density on juveniles of this species, focusing on effects of stocking density on growth, biochemical composition, immune status and hematology.

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Innate immunity of fish (overview).

TL;DR: The innate immune system is the only defence weapon of invertebrates and a fundamental defence mechanism of fish and plays an instructive role in the acquired immune response and homeostasis and is therefore equally important in higher vertebrates.
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Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture

TL;DR: The scientific data that allows us to interpret the effects of disease, handling, transport, food deprivation, and slaughter technique on fish welfare are reviewed and caution should be taken when interpreting "abnormal" fish behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI

Current issues in fish welfare

TL;DR: This paper focuses on welfare as the absence of suffering in fish, arguing that complex animals with sophisticated behaviour, such as fish, probably have the capacity for suffer ing, though this may be different in degree and kind from the human experience of this state.
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Exploration of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare

TL;DR: Large differences have been found across species, breeds and individuals, which reflect the contribution of genetic factors and environmental influences, especially during development, in HPA axis functioning.
Journal ArticleDOI

Recent advances on the complement system of teleost fish

TL;DR: The current understanding of the role of fish complement in phagocytosis, respiratory burst, chemotaxis and cell lysis is reviewed and a comprehensive compilation on complement host-pathogen interactions is provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described a simplified version of the method and reported the results of a study of its application to different tissues, including the efficiency of the washing procedure in terms of the removal from tissue lipides of some non-lipide substances of special biochemical interest.
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Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids

TL;DR: Stress, through the action of corticosteroids, may reduce immunocompetence by influencing lymphocyte numbers and antibody-production capacity, and affect reproduction by altering levels and patterns of reproductive hormones that influence maturation.
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Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: Effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol

TL;DR: It is shown, by means of intraperitoneal implantation of cortisol, that chronic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in the brown trout results in a dose-dependent increase in mortality due to common bacterial and fungal diseases.
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Rapid and convenient separation of phospholipids and non phosphorus lipids from rat heart using silica cartridges.

TL;DR: The separation of non phosphorus lipids and phospholipids of rat heart using Sep-pack Silica cartridges is described and a complete partition ofNon phosphorus Lipids andospholipid is obtained.
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Recovery of the brown trout, Salmo trutta L., from acute handling stress: a time-course study

TL;DR: A minimum of 2 weeks was required for complete recovery and a return to normality in the response of the brown trout to a single, short incidence of handling stress.
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