Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines.
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TLDR
In this paper, a bibliometric analysis of academic publishing careers by reconstructing the complete publication history of over 1.5 million gender-identified authors whose publishing career ended between 1955 and 2010, covering 83 countries and 13 disciplines.Abstract:
There is extensive, yet fragmented, evidence of gender differences in academia suggesting that women are underrepresented in most scientific disciplines and publish fewer articles throughout a career, and their work acquires fewer citations. Here, we offer a comprehensive picture of longitudinal gender differences in performance through a bibliometric analysis of academic publishing careers by reconstructing the complete publication history of over 1.5 million gender-identified authors whose publishing career ended between 1955 and 2010, covering 83 countries and 13 disciplines. We find that, paradoxically, the increase of participation of women in science over the past 60 years was accompanied by an increase of gender differences in both productivity and impact. Most surprisingly, though, we uncover two gender invariants, finding that men and women publish at a comparable annual rate and have equivalent career-wise impact for the same size body of work. Finally, we demonstrate that differences in publishing career lengths and dropout rates explain a large portion of the reported career-wise differences in productivity and impact, although productivity differences still remain. This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academia can help rephrase the conversation around the sustainability of women’s careers in academia, with important consequences for institutions and policy makers.read more
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TL;DR: It is found that women-led work tends to be undercited relative to expectations and this imbalance is driven largely by the citation practices of men and is increasing over time as the field diversifies.
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Women in Science. Career processes and Outcomes
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The extent and drivers of gender imbalance in neuroscience reference lists
Jordan D. Dworkin,Kristin A. Linn,Erin G. Teich,Perry Zurn,Russell T. Shinohara,Danielle S. Bassett +5 more
TL;DR: It is found that reference lists tend to include more papers with men as first and last author than would be expected if gender were not a factor in referencing, and this overcitation of men and undercitation of women is driven largely by the citation practices of men, and is increasing over time as the field becomes more diverse.
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Impact of COVID-19 on academic mothers.
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References
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Bibliometrics: Global gender disparities in science
TL;DR: Sugimoto et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a bibliometric analysis confirming that gender imbalances persist in research output worldwide, and they concluded that gender imbalance persists in all fields.
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Understanding current causes of women’s underrepresentation in science
TL;DR: It is concluded that differential gendered outcomes in the real world result from differences in resources attributable to choices, whether free or constrained, and that such choices could be influenced and better informed through education if resources were so directed.