Hot, humid air decontamination of a C‐130 aircraft contaminated with spores of two acrystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis strains, surrogates for Bacillus anthracis
T.L. Buhr,A.A. Young,Misty D. Bensman,Z.A. Minter,Neil L. Kennihan,C.A. Johnson,Matthew D. Bohmke,Erica Borgers-Klonkowski,Emily B. Osborn,S.D. Avila,A.M.G. Theys,Paul J. Jackson +11 more
TLDR
To develop test methods and evaluate survival of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki cry− HD‐1 and B. thurringiensis Al Hakam spores after exposure to hot, humid air inside of a C‐130 aircraft.Abstract:
Aim To develop test methods and evaluate survival of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki cry(-) HD-1 and B. thuringiensis Al Hakam spores after exposure to hot, humid air inside of a C-130 aircraft. Methods and results Bacillus thuringiensis spores were either pre-inoculated on 1 × 2 or 2 × 2 cm substrates or aerosolized inside the cargo hold of a C-130 and allowed to dry. Dirty, complex surfaces (10 × 10 cm) swabbed after spore dispersal showed a deposition of 8-10 log10 m(-2) through the entire cargo hold. After hot, humid air decontamination at 75-80°C, 70-90% relative humidity for 7 days, 87 of 98 test swabs covering 0·98 m(2) , showed complete spore inactivation. There was a total of 1·67 log10 live CFU detected in 11 of the test swabs. Spore inactivation in the 98 test swabs was measured at 7·06 log10 m(-2) . Conclusions Laboratory test methods for hot, humid air decontamination were scaled for a large-scale aircraft field test. The C-130 field test demonstrated that hot, humid air can be successfully used to decontaminate an aircraft. Significance and impact of the study Transition of a new technology from research and development to acquisition at a Technology Readiness Level 7 is unprecedented.read more
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DNA Damage Kills Bacterial Spores and Cells Exposed to 222-Nanometer UV Radiation.
Willie Taylor,Emily Camilleri,D. Levi Craft,George Korza,Maria Rocha Granados,Jaliyah Peterson,Renata Szczpaniak,Sandra K. Weller,Ralf Moeller,Thierry Douki,Wendy W. K. Mok,Peter Setlow +11 more
TL;DR: The present work has identified the damage by UV222 that leads to the killing of growing cells and spores of some bacteria, many of which are human pathogens, and UV222 also inactivates a herpesvirus, and this radiation generated known mutagenic photoproducts in spore and cell DNA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials
TL;DR: This review synthesizes the advances made relative to B. anthracis spore decontamination science and technology since approximately 2002, referencing the open scientific literature and publicly available, well-documented scientific reports.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Standard Method To Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores to Sterility via Gamma Irradiation.
Christopher K. Cote,T.L. Buhr,Casey B. Bernhards,Casey B. Bernhards,Matthew D. Bohmke,Alena M Calm,Josephine S. Esteban-Trexler,Melissa C. Hunter,Sarah E. Katoski,Neil L. Kennihan,Christopher P. Klimko,Jeremy A. Miller,Z.A. Minter,Jerry W. Pfarr,Amber Prugh,Avery V. Quirk,Bryan A. Rivers,April A. Shea,Jennifer L. Shoe,Todd Sickler,A.A. Young,David P. Fetterer,Susan L. Welkos,Joel A. Bozue,D.C. McPherson,Augustus W. Fountain,Henry S. Gibbons +26 more
TL;DR: An integrated method for preparing, irradiating, and verifying the inactivation of spores of B. anthracis for use as standard reagents for testing and evaluating detection and diagnostic devices and techniques is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Killing the spores of Bacillus species by molecular iodine.
TL;DR: To determine the responses of spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam to I2 treatment, a non-volatile substance is introduced into the mixture.
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A transfer operator methodology for optimal sensor placement accounting for uncertainty
TL;DR: The transfer operator based framework provides an effective way to identify optimal placement of sensors while accounting for building systems uncertainties and provides a probabilistic metric to gauge coverage under uncertain conditions.
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