Implementation of sub-nanoseconds TDC in FPGA: applications to time-of-flight analysis in muon radiography
Claude Girerd,J. de Bremond d'Ars,Jean-Christophe Ianigro,Serge Gardien,K. Jourde,D. Gibert,Jacques Marteau +6 more
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In this paper, the application of ring oscillator TDC to muon tomography of geological bodies is described in detail, which aims at measuring density variations and absolute densities through the detection of atmospheric muons flux's attenuation, due to the presence of matter.Abstract:
Time-of-flight (tof) techniques are standard techniques in high energy physics to determine particles propagation directions. Since particles velocities are generally close to c, the speed of light, and detectors typical dimensions at the meter level, the state-of-the-art tof techniques should reach sub-nanosecond timing resolution. Among the various techniques already available, the recently developed ring oscillator TDC ones, implemented in low cost FPGA, feature a very interesting figure of merit since a very good timing performance may be achieved with limited processing ressources. This issue is relevant for applications where unmanned sensors should have the lowest possible power consumption. Actually this article describes in details the application of this kind of tof technique to muon tomography of geological bodies. Muon tomography aims at measuring density variations and absolute densities through the detection of atmospheric muons flux's attenuation, due to the presence of matter. When the measured fluxes become very low, an identified source of noise comes from backwards propagating particles hitting the detector in a direction pointing to the geological body. The separation between through-going and backward-going particles, on the basis of the tof information is therefore a key parameter for the tomography analysis and subsequent previsions.read more
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Atmospheric muons as an imaging tool
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an introduction to this vibrant research area, starting from the physical principles at the basis of the methods and describing the main detector technologies and imaging tools, including their combination with conventional techniques from other disciplines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Three-dimensional density structure of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe lava dome from simultaneous muon radiographies and gravity data
Marina Rosas-Carbajal,Kevin Jourde,Jacques Marteau,Sébastien Deroussi,Jean-Christophe Komorowski,Dominique Gibert +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors jointly invert muon data from three simultaneous telescope acquisitions together with gravity data to estimate the three-dimensional density structure of the La Soufriere de Guadeloupe lava dome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Three-dimensional density structure of La Soufrie\`ere de Guadeloupe lava dome from simultaneous muon radiographies and gravity data
Marina Rosas-Carbajal,Kevin Jourde,Jacques Marteau,Sébastien Deroussi,Jean-Christophe Komorowski,Dominique Gibert +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the La Soufriere de Guadeloupe lava dome was estimated from three simultaneous telescope acquisitions together with gravity data to estimate the three-dimensional density structure of the lava dome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Muon dynamic radiography of density changes induced by hydrothermal activity at the La Soufrière of Guadeloupe volcano
Kevin Jourde,Kevin Jourde,Dominique Gibert,Dominique Gibert,Jacques Marteau,Jean de Bremond d'Ars,Jean-Christophe Komorowski +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used cosmic muon radiography to detect and characterize mass movements in shallow hydrothermal systems of low-energy active volcanoes like the La Soufri\`ere lava dome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monitoring temporal opacity fluctuations of large structures with muon radiography: a calibration experiment using a water tower.
Kevin Jourde,Dominique Gibert,Dominique Gibert,Jacques Marteau,Jean de Bremond d'Ars,Serge Gardien,Claude Girerd,Jean-Christophe Ianigro +7 more
TL;DR: Statistical developments establish the feasibility domain of muon radiography monitoring as a function of target thickness (i.e. opacity) and the influence of atmospheric variability that perturbs the signal is discussed.
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TL;DR: The OPERA neutrino experiment is designed to perform the first observation of neutrinos oscillations in direct appearance mode in the $
u_\mu \to
u_ \tau$ channel, via the detection of the leptons created in charged current interactions.
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TL;DR: An alternative explanation for the sudden decrease in internal complexity from the Great Pyramid to the Second Pyramid suggested itself to us: perhaps Chephren's architects had been more successful in hiding their upper chambers than were Cheops's.
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TL;DR: The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment has been designed to prove the appearance of ντ in a nearly pure νμ beam (CNGS) produced at CERN and detected in the underground Hall C of the Gran Sasso Laboratory, 730 km away from the source as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A high-resolution time-to-digital converter implemented in field-programmable-gate-arrays
Jian Song,Qi An,Shubin Liu +2 more
TL;DR: A high-resolution time-to-digital converter implemented in a general purpose field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) is presented and dedicated carry lines of an FPGA are used as delay cells to perform time interpolation within the system clock period and to realize the fine time measurement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Method of probing inner-structure of geophysical substance with the horizontal cosmic-ray muons and possible application to volcanic eruption prediction
TL;DR: In this article, a simple detection system comprising a plastic scintillator hodoscope which is expandable to a larger scale was developed for the first successful measurement of the inner-structure of Mt. Tsukuba.