Improving rates of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in New Zealand 4-year-old children in 2010-2016
Nichola Shackleton,Barry J. Milne,R Audas,R Audas,José G. B. Derraik,José G. B. Derraik,Tong Zhu,Rachael W. Taylor,Rachael W. Taylor,Susan M. B. Morton,Marewa Glover,Marewa Glover,Wayne S. Cutfield,Barry J Taylor,Barry J Taylor +14 more
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TLDR
A large number of children in developed countries are obese, and there is a growing concern regarding increasing socio‐economic disparities.Abstract:
SummaryBackground
Prevalence of childhood obesity is high in developed countries, and there is a growing concern regarding increasing socio-economic disparities.
Objectives
To assess trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity among New Zealand 4-year olds, and whether these differ by socio-economic and ethnic groupings.
Methods
A national screening programme, the B4 School Check, collected height and weight data for 75–92% of New Zealand 4-year-old children (n = 317 298) between July 2010 and June 2016. Children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile for age and sex adjusted body mass index (according to World Health Organization standards) were classified as overweight, obese and extremely obese, respectively. Prevalence rates across 6 years (2010/11 to 2015/16) were examined by sex, across quintiles of socio-economic deprivation, and by ethnicity.
Results
The prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity decreased by 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8–2.5], 2.0 [1.8–2.2] and 0.6 [0.4–0.6] percentage points, respectively, between 2010/2011 and 2015/2016. The downward trends in overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in the population persisted after adjustment for sex, ethnicity, deprivation and urban/rural residence. Downward trends were also observed across sex, ethnicity and deprivation groups.
Conclusions
The prevalence of obesity appears to be declining in 4-year-old children in New Zealand across all socio-economic and ethnic groups.read more
Citations
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Data Resource Profile: The New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI).
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Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues.
TL;DR: There are currently no established guidelines on what constitutes an acceptable level of risk (i.e., risk threshold) for childhood obesity prediction models, but these should be set following consideration of the consequences of false-positive and false-negative predictions, as well as any relevant clinical guidelines.
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Perspective: Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Fuel for Childhood Obesity Prevention?
TL;DR: Although it seems that HMOs might have a role in infant growth and adiposity, there is not enough consistent evidence to understand their potential role in obesity prevention.
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Childhood obesity in New Zealand.
TL;DR: The prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents in New Zealand is markedly high, with a greater impact on particular ethnicities and those of lower socioeconomic status.
Journal ArticleDOI
Child obesity prevalence across communities in New Zealand: 2010-2016.
Sheree J. Gibb,Nichola Shackleton,Rick Audas,Barry J Taylor,Boyd Swinburn,Tong Zhu,Rachael W. Taylor,José G. B. Derraik,Wayne S. Cutfield,Barry J. Milne +9 more
TL;DR: To assess community‐level differences in four‐year‐old obesity prevalence in New Zealand, trends over time, and the extent to which differences can be explained by ethnicity, deprivation and urbanicity, a large sample of children aged four to eight years old is surveyed.
References
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Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture
Tim Lobstein,Rachel Jackson-Leach,Marjory Moodie,Kevin D. Hall,Steven L. Gortmaker,Boyd Swinburn,Boyd Swinburn,W. Philip T. James,Youfa Wang,Klim McPherson +9 more
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Obesity 4 Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture
TL;DR: Nutrition policies to tackle child obesity need to promote healthy growth and household nutrition security and protect children from inducements to be inactive or to overconsume foods of poor nutritional quality.
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Parental Underestimates of Child Weight: A Meta-analysis
TL;DR: Half of parents underestimated their children’s overweight/obese status and a significant minority underestimated children”s normal weight, indicating Pediatricians are well positioned to make efforts to remedy parental underestimates and promote adoption of healthy habits.