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Increasing incidence of cancers associated with the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic
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TLDR
Examining data from San Francisco and other areas participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to determine the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on cancer incidence between 1973 and 1987 found increases in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma incidence have been restricted to high‐grade and diffuse large‐cell histological types.Abstract:
We examined data from San Francisco and other areas participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to determine the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on cancer incidence between 1973 and 1987. In this period, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence has increased over 10-fold and Kaposi's sarcoma incidence has increased over 5000-fold in single San Francisco men 20 to 49 years of age. Increases in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been restricted to high-grade and diffuse large-cell (intermediate-grade) histological types. With the exceptions of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, no other tumor has significantly increased in incidence. During 1987, we estimate that HIV-seropositive men in San Francisco had a 0.47% risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a 1.6% risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. The relative risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV infection were 104 and 40,000, respectively. For 1987, HIV was associated with 14% of all reported cancers (except non-melanoma skin cancer) in men aged 20 to 49. We expect that 1,890 to 2,730 excess cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 6,490 to 8,320 excess cases of Kaposi's sarcoma will occur in the United States in 1990.read more
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Global cancer statistics, 2002.
TL;DR: There are striking variations in the risk of different cancers by geographic area, most of the international variation is due to exposure to known or suspected risk factors related to lifestyle or environment, and provides a clear challenge to prevention.
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Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of health policy in sub-Saharan Africa focusing on the key elements of immunization and oral rehydration, and discuss the potential value of explicitly seeking lessons from the Bank's experience with health sector operations in Africa.
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Cancer Surveillance Series: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Incidence by Histologic Subtype in the United States From 1978 Through 1995
TL;DR: Overall, the broad categories of small lymphocytic, follicular, diffuse, high-grade, and peripheral T-cell NHL emerged as distinct entities with specific age, sex, racial, temporal, and geographic variations in rates.
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Mucosal shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in men.
John Pauk,Meei Li Huang,Scott J. Brodie,Anna Wald,David M. Koelle,Timothy W. Schacker,Connie Celum,Stacy Selke,Lawrence Corey,Lawrence Corey +9 more
TL;DR: Oral exposure to infectious saliva is a potential risk factor for the acquisition of HHV-8 among men who have sex with men, and currently recommended safer sex practices may not protect against HHv-8 infection.
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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Findings and Concerns
Laura Dean,Ilan H. Meyer,Kevin Robinson,Randall L. Sell,Robert Sember,Vincent M. B. Silenzio,Deborah J. Bowen,Judith Bradford,Esther D. Rothblum,Jocelyn C. White,Patricia M Dunn,Anne Lawrence,Daniel Wolfe,Jessica Xavier +13 more
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of single-payer health care in the United States from 1989 to 2002, a period chosen in order to explore its roots as well as specific cases up to and including the year in which Bill Clinton was elected president.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Kaposi's sarcoma among persons with AIDS: a sexually transmitted infection?
TL;DR: Kaposi's sarcoma in persons with AIDS may be caused by an as yet unidentified infectious agent, transmitted mainly by sexual contact.
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in 90 Homosexual Men: Relation to Generalized Lymphadenopathy and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
John L. Ziegler,Jay A. Beckstead,Paul A. Volberding,Donald I. Abrams,Alexandra M. Levine,Robert J. Lukes,Parkash S. Gill,Ronald Burkes,Paul R. Meyer,Craig E. Metroka,Janet Mouradian,Anne Moore,Shirley Riggs,James J. Butler,Fernando Cabanillas,Evan M. Hersh,Guy R. Newell,Linda J. Laubenstein,Daniel M. Knowles,Chrystia Odajnyk,Bruce Raphael,Benjamin Koziner,Carlos Urmacher,Bayard D. Glarkson +23 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in members of an AIDS risk group is a serious manifestation of AIDS and the AIDS-related complex.
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Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients
TL;DR: It is reported that the tat gene product (Tat) is released from both HIV-1-acutely infected H9 cells and tat-transfected COS-1 cells and specifically promotes growth of AIDS-KS cells which are inhibited by anti-Tat antibodies; recombinant Tat has the same growth-promoting properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expression of Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated genes in tissues of patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease.
Lawrence S. Young,C Alfieri,Kevin Hennessy,H Evans,C O'Hara,KC Anderson,Jerome Ritz,R S Shapiro,Alan B. Rickinson,Elliott Kieff +9 more
TL;DR: Using monoclonal antibody-immune microscopy, it is demonstrated that these two EBV proteins and their associated B-lymphocyte activation or adhesion molecules are expressed in the infiltrating B lymphocytes in immunocompromised patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in San Francisco
Lawrence D. Kaplan,Donald I. Abrams,Ellen Feigal,Michael S. McGrath,James O. Kahn,Padraic Neville,John L. Ziegler,Paul A. Volberding +7 more
TL;DR: Survival was shorter among patients who received higher doses of cyclophosphamide (greater than 1 g/m2), including those treated with the COMET-A regimen, and the most important predictor of survival was the total number of CD4-positive lymphocytes.