Inflammatory mediators in intervertebral disk degeneration and discogenic pain.
TLDR
This review provides information on the most relevant inflammatory mediators during different types of disk diseases and explains how these factors can induce disk degeneration and the development of discogenic and sciatic/radiculopathic pain.Abstract:
Although degeneration of the intervertebral disk has historically been described as a misbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors, the role of inflammatory mediators has long been neglected. However, past research clearly indicates that inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are expressed at higher levels in “diseased” intervertebral disks. Both disk cells as well as invading macrophages can be the source of the detected cytokines. Importantly, occurrence of inflammatory mediators in the disk can worsen the progress of degeneration by inducing the expression of matrix degrading enzymes as well as by inhibiting extracellular matrix synthesis. In addition, inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in pain development during intervertebral disk herniation (i.e., sciatica) and disk degeneration (i.e., discogenic pain). This review provides information on the most relevant inflammatory mediators during different types of disk diseases and explains how these factors can induce disk degeneration and the development of discogenic and sciatic/radiculopathic pain.read more
Citations
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Aysha N. Khan,Hayley E. Jacobsen,Jansher Khan,Christopher G. Filippi,Mitchell Levine,Ronald A. Lehman,K. Daniel Riew,Lawrence G. Lenke,Nadeen O. Chahine +8 more
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Painful, degenerating intervertebral discs up-regulate neurite sprouting and CGRP through nociceptive factors
Emerson Krock,Derek H. Rosenzweig,Anne Julie Chabot-Doré,Peter Jarzem,Michael H. Weber,Jean Ouellet,Laura S. Stone,Lisbet Haglund +7 more
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References
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Degeneration of the intervertebral disc
Jill P. G. Urban,Sally Roberts +1 more
TL;DR: The intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous structure that resembles articular cartilage in its biochemistry, but morphologically it is clearly different, and shows degenerative and ageing changes earlier than does any other connective tissue in the body.
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Norbert Boos,Sabine Weissbach,Helmut Rohrbach,Christoph Weiler,Kevin F. Spratt,Andreas G. Nerlich +5 more
TL;DR: Histologic disc alterations can reliably be graded based on the proposed classification system providing a morphologic framework for more sophisticated molecular biologic analyses of factors leading to age-related disc changes.
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The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration.
John Antoniou,Thomas Steffen,Fred Nelson,Neil Winterbottom,Anthony P. Hollander,Robin A. Poole,Max Aebi,Mauro Alini +7 more
TL;DR: Three matrix turnover phases are identified and evidence is illustrated for a lack of increased synthesis of aggrecan and type II procollagen, but also by an increase in collagen type II denaturation and type I Procollagen synthesis, both dependent on age and grade of tissue degeneration.
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The role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of human Intervertebral disc degeneration
TL;DR: IL-1 is produced in the degenerate IVD, it is synthesized by native disc cells, and treatment of human disc cells with IL-1 induces an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic events, responses that represent the changes seen during disc degeneration.
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Biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: involvement of the extracellular matrix.
TL;DR: Current research is aimed at trying to restore the integrity of the degenerate disc matrix by biologic means, although at present it is not clear what the structure of the most appropriate repair tissue should be or how it can be achieved.