Inflammatory Mediators of Platelet Activation: Focus on Atherosclerosis and COVID-19.
Panagiotis Theofilis,Marios Sagris,Alexios S. Antonopoulos,Evangelos Oikonomou,Costas Tsioufis,Dimitris Tousoulis +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, the impact of inflammation on platelet activation in atherosclerosis has been investigated and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines has also been highlighted, such as platelet factor-4, myeloperoxidase, and platelet-derived mediators.Abstract:
Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory and thrombotic state, leading to devastating complications with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Summary: In this review article, we present the available evidence regarding the impact of inflammation on platelet activation in atherosclerosis. Key messages: In the context of a dysfunctional vascular endothelium, structural alterations by means of endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability and increased levels of von Willebrand factor result in platelet activation. Moreover, neutrophil-derived mediators, as well as neutrophil extracellular traps formation, have been implicated in the process of platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines is also critical since their receptors are also situated in platelets while TNF-α has also been found to induce inflammatory, metabolic, and bone marrow changes. Additionally, important progress has been made towards novel concepts of the interaction between inflammation and platelet activation, such as the toll-like receptors, myeloperoxidase, and platelet factor-4. The accumulating evidence is especially important in the era of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, characterized by an excessive inflammatory burden leading to thrombotic complications, partially mediated by platelet activation. Lastly, recent advances in anti-inflammatory therapies point towards an anti-thrombotic effect secondary to diminished platelet activation.read more
Citations
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Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarize the knowledge on cellular participants and key inflammatory signaling pathways in atherosclerosis, and discuss the preclinical studies targeting these key pathways, the clinical trials that are going to target some of these processes.
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Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19: Emerging Data Relevant to the Cardiovascular Clinician
TL;DR: In this article , a review seeks to consolidate available data on long-term cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 infection, including myocarditis, pericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in rodents.
Panagiotis Theofilis,Marios Sagris,Evangelos Oikonomou,Alexios S. Antonopoulos,Gerasimos Siasos,Constantinos Tsioufis,Dimitris Tousoulis +6 more
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on inflammatory markers in experimental models, and the authors concluded that the effect on IL-6, C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
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Statins and statin intensity in peripheral artery disease.
Marios Sagris,Ioannis Katsaros,Stefanos Giannopoulos,Russell D. Rosenberg,S. Elissa Altin,Loukianos S. Rallidis,Carlos Mena-Hurtado,Ehrin J. Armstrong,Damianos G. Kokkinidis +8 more
TL;DR: Statin treatment among patients with PAD was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MACE, risk for amputation, or loss of patency, and higher statin dose seems to be associated with improved outcomes.
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A Real Pandora’s Box in Pandemic Times: A Narrative Review on the Acute Cardiac Injury Due to COVID-19
Amalia-Stefana Timpau,Radu-Stefan Miftode,Daniela Leca,Razvan Timpau,Ionela-Larisa Miftode,Antoniu Petris,Irina-Iuliana Costache,Ovidiu Mitu,Ana Nicolae,A. Oancea,Alexandru Jigoranu,Cristina Tuchilus,Egidia Miftode +12 more
TL;DR: In patients with Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, a significant increase in serum levels of cardiac troponin or other various biomarkers was observed, suggesting acute cardiac injury, thus predicting both a severe course of the disease and a poor outcome.
References
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NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals
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TL;DR: It is shown that cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in phagocytes in vitro in a process that involves phagolysosomal damage and that crystalline cholesterol acts as an endogenous danger signal and its deposition in arteries or elsewhere is an early cause rather than a late consequence of inflammation.