Journal ArticleDOI
Inherited susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with HLA-DR1, while DR5 is protective.
Noel K. Maclaren,William J. Riley,Nicos Skordis,Mark A. Atkinson,Rebecca Spillar,Janet H. Silverstein,Ronald Klein,Constance M. Vadheim,Jerome I. Rotter +8 more
TLDR
It is concluded that DR1 is an additional risk DR allele for IDD to that of DR3 and DR4, and DR5 an additional protective DR allele to thatof DR2.Abstract:
Of the HLA allelic associations with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) reported to date, DR3 and DR4 have been the most positive and DR2 the most negative. In 952 Caucasian proband patients reported here, only 57 or 6% had no DR3 or DR4 alleles. When these 57 patients were compared to 249 Caucasian controls similarly lacking DR3 and DR4 antigens, there were excesses of DR1 (P = 0.13) and DRW8 (P = 0.01) and deficiencies of DR2 (P = 0.03) and DR5 (P = 0.03) in the patient group. The most common phenotype in this group of patients was DR1/DR7 (12.3%). Only four DR-homozygous patients involving alleles other than DR3 and DR4 were found by genotyping, and all were DRI homozygotes. Among 506 patients wuth DR3/DRX or DR4/DRX phenotypes, DR1 was more frequent (P = 0.001; Bonferronni P = 0.006), and DR2 (P = 0.001) and DR5 (P = 0.001) less frequent than 243 HLA-matched controls. of 187 patients with a single DR3 and no DR4, DR1 was more frequent (P = 0.02), with DR2 (P = 0.001) and DR5 (P = 0.02) less frequent tha...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Pathogenesis of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
TL;DR: Much has been learned during the past decade about the underlying genetics, natural history, and pathogenesis of IDDM, and some of this new information is described to be used to prevent the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Janet H. Silverstein,Noel K. Maclaren,William J. Riley,Rebecca Spillar,Doreen Radjenovic,Suzanne Bennett Johnson +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that early immunosuppression with short-term use of corticosteroids plus daily azathioprine can improve metabolic control in some patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but results from this unblinded study are preliminary and require further confirmation and long-term follow-up.
Journal ArticleDOI
A unified hypothesis for the complex genetics of HLA associations with IDDM.
TL;DR: In this paper, a hierarchy of affinities determines the interaction between a diabetogenic peptide and different class II molecules, and an individual is susceptible to IDDM if the class II molecule in that individual with the highest affinity for such a peptide is a DQ beta susceptibility gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
HLA class II alleles and susceptibility and resistance to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Mexican-American families
Henry A. Erlich,Adina Zeidler,Julie D. Chang,Sylvia J. Shaw,Leslie J. Raffel,William Klitz,Y. Beshkov,Gertrude Costin,S. Pressman,Teodorica L. Bugawan +9 more
TL;DR: The general pattern of neutral and protective haplotypes indicates that the presence of Asp-57 in the HLA-DQβ chain does not confer IDDM protection per se and indicates that both DRB1 and DQB1 influence IDDM susceptibility as well as protection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type 1 Diabetes: Current Concepts in Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Care, and Research
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the natural history, pathophysiology, and contemporary management of T1D is provided.
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