Interleukin-6 and ACTH act synergistically to stimulate the release of corticosterone from adrenal gland cells.
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The results suggest that IL‐6 may act at different levels of the hypothalmic pituitary adrenal axis and the finding of a synergistic effect with ACTH1–24 indicates thatIL‐6 could play a role in the long term response to stress.Abstract:
We investigated whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) could cause the release of corticosterone by a direct interaction with the adrenal gland. Primary cultures of rat adrenal glands were obtained by dispersion with collagenase and incubated for 24 h with different doses of IL-6. Levels of corticosterone were measured by competitive protein binding assay. A significant (P less than 0.025) dose-dependent increase in corticosterone levels was seen at all doses used. Time course experiments demonstrated that IL-6 stimulated corticosterone release over a period of 24 h but not after 12 or 3 h. The stimulation of adrenal cells with different doses of ACTH1-24 and 40 U/ml of IL-6 showed a synergistic effect when IL-6 was combined with low concentrations of ACTH1-24 (2 and 20 pmol/l). This effect was not evident at higher doses. Our results suggest that IL-6 may act at different levels of the hypothalmic pituitary adrenal axis. Moreover the finding of a synergistic effect with ACTH1-24 indicates that IL-6 could play a role in the long term response to stress.read more
Citations
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The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation
TL;DR: Celsus described four of the five cardinal signs of inflammation 2000 years ago, and Eustachio discovered the adrenal glands almost 500 years ago; but not until 1936 did Selye note that in rats exposed to stressors, the adrenAL glands were enlarged, and the thymus and lymph nodes shrunken.
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References
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and IFN-beta 2 share immunological and functional identity and that IFN -beta 2, also known as B-cell stimulatory factor and hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor, has the hepatocyte as a major physiologic target and thereby is essential in controlling the hepatic acute phase response.
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Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones
TL;DR: The results strongly support the existence of an immunoregulatory feedback circuit in which IL-1 acts as an afferent and glucocorticoid as an efferent hormonal signal in which the pituitary-adrenal axis is stimulated.
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Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor.
TL;DR: In this report, human IL-1 is shown to activate the adrenocortical axis at the level of the brain, stimulating the release of the controlling hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus.