Inuit exposure to organochlorines through the aquatic food chain in arctic québec.
Eric Dewailly,Pierre Ayotte,Suzanne Bruneau,Claire Laliberté,Derek C. G. Muir,Ross J. Norstrom +5 more
TLDR
The Inuit mothers exhibit the greatest body burden known to occur from exposure to organochlorine residues present in the environment by virtue of their location at the highest trophic level of the arctic food web.Abstract:
Inuit people (Eskimos) are likely exposed to persistent organochlorine compounds because their traditional diet includes fatty tissues of the arctic marine biota. Here we present the results of organochlorine compound analysis in milk fat samples from arctic Quebec Inuit women and in fat tissues from various animal species inhabiting that region. The total concentration of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in Inuit milk fat was similar to that of the beluga, while the profile of the 10 congeners resembled that of the polar bear. Mean concentrations of various organochlorines in milk-fat samples from Inuit women were between 2 and 10 times greater than those found in samples previously collected from southern Quebec women. The Inuit mothers exhibit the greatest body burden known to occur from exposure to organochlorine residues present in the environment by virtue of their location at the highest trophic level of the arctic food web.read more
Citations
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Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Obaid Faroon,James N. Olson +1 more
TL;DR: A toxicological profile for PCBs, Draft for Public Comment, was released in December 1998 as discussed by the authors, which supercedes any previously released draft or final profile, but no less than once every three years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: A review
J. Van Oostdam,Andrew P. Gilman,Eric Dewailly,P Usher,B Wheatley,H Kuhnlein,S Neve,Jody Butler Walker,B Tracy,Mark Feeley,V Jerome,B Kwavnick +11 more
TL;DR: The impact of exposure to current levels of environmental contaminants in the Canadian Arctic on human health is assessed; the data and knowledge gaps that need to be filled by future human health research and monitoring are identified; and how these issues have changed since a first assessment is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of in Utero Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Fetal Growth and Length of Gestation in an Agricultural Population
Brenda Eskenazi,Kim G. Harley,Asa Bradman,Erin Weltzien,Nicholas P. Jewell,Dana B. Barr,Clement E. Furlong,Nina Holland +7 more
TL;DR: These associations with gestational age may be biologically plausible given that organophosphate pesticides depress cholinesterase and acetylcholine stimulates contraction of the uterus, and despite these observed associations, the rate of preterm delivery in this population was lower than in a U.S. reference population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.
TL;DR: It is revealed that the PCB residues in environmental media and human tissues may not closely resemble any of the commercial PCB mixtures, depending on source of exposure, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and weathering of PCBs in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow
Alexandra Steffen,Thomas A. Douglas,Marc Amyot,Parisa A. Ariya,Katrine Aspmo,Torunn Berg,Torunn Berg,Jan W. Bottenheim,S. Brooks,F. Cobbett,Ashu Dastoor,Aurélien Dommergue,Ralf Ebinghaus,Christophe Ferrari,Katarina Gårdfeldt,Michael Evan Goodsite,David R. S. Lean,Alexandre J. Poulain,C. Scherz,Henrik Skov,Jonas Sommar,Christian Temme +21 more
TL;DR: A review of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDE, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDE may have on polar environments is presented in this article.
References
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Book
Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed three-stage sampling: simple random sampling, two stage sampling and three stage sampling, and two-stage and double sampling, respectively, to estimate the mean and variance from censored data sets.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs).
TL;DR: The most toxic halogenated aromatic is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and based on in vivo and in vitro studies the relative toxicities have been determined relative to TCDD (i.e., toxic equivalents).
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and related compounds : environmental and mechanistic considerations with support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs)
TL;DR: The most toxic halogenated aromatic is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as discussed by the authors.
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Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants on cognitive functioning in young children
TL;DR: Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants predicted poorer short-term memory function on both verbal and quantitative tests in a dose-dependent fashion and demonstrates the continuation of a toxic impact received in utero and observed initially during infancy on a dimension of cognitive functioning fundamental to learning.
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Organochlorine contaminants in arctic marine food chains: accumulation of specific polychlorinated biphenyls and chlordane-related compounds
TL;DR: Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlordane-related compounds as well as DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, toxaphene, and chlorobenzenes were determined in pooled arctic cod muscle and polar bear fat and in the blubber and liver of 59 ringed seals from the east-central Canadian Arctic.