Journal ArticleDOI
Ion transport mechanisms in bipolar membranes for (photo)electrochemical water splitting
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TLDR
In this article, the voltage-current relations for bipolar membrane (BPM) were analyzed with 16 different pH differences, 4 concentrations, 7 flow rates and 6 different ionic species.Abstract:
Bipolar membranes (BPMs) have attracted growing interest in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical systems, as they allow the unique ability to pair two different electrolytes which can be optimized for their respective oxidation and reduction reactions. Understanding the membrane voltage at a non-extreme pH gradient (ΔpH < 14) is an important step towards practical applications for electrochemical conversions, as many (photo-)electrodes and catalysts can only operate efficiently in a limited pH range. To obtain a better understanding of the individual effects that determine the BPM voltage, a complete series of experiments measuring the actual BPM voltage as a function of the pH, salt type/concentration, flow rate and current density is needed. In this paper, we present experimental results of voltage–current relations for a BPM using 16 different pH differences, 4 concentrations, 7 flow rates and permeation of 6 different ionic species. The results show that both ion cross-over and local diffusion boundary layers play important roles in the BPM voltage. We also show that the supporting electrolyte composition plays an important role, even more important than the pH itself, which is an important parameter to realize practical application of BPMs in electrochemical cells.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bipolar membranes: A review on principles, latest developments, and applications
Ragne Pärnamäe,S.A. Mareev,Victor Nikonenko,Stanislav Melnikov,N. V. Shel’deshov,V. I. Zabolotskii,Hubertus V.M. Hamelers,Michele Tedesco +7 more
TL;DR: This review article aims to provide an overall understanding of BPM technology by describing the current state of the art on membrane synthesis, properties, theoretical models, and applications, based on the last 70 years of scientific publications and patents in this field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical carbon dioxide capture to close the carbon cycle
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized main parameters governing electrochemical pH-swing processes and put the concept in the framework of available worldwide capture technologies, and provided recommendations for further improvements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tailored catalyst microenvironments for CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products on copper using bilayer ionomer coatings
Chanyeon Kim,Chanyeon Kim,Justin C. Bui,Justin C. Bui,Xiaoyan Luo,Jason K. Cooper,Ahmet Kusoglu,Adam Z. Weber,Alexis T. Bell,Alexis T. Bell +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a bilayer cation-and anion-conducting ionomer coatings were used to control the local pH and CO2/H2O ratio.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Pressure Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid/Formate: A Comparison between Bipolar Membranes and Cation Exchange Membranes
Mahinder Ramdin,Andrew R. T. Morrison,Mariëtte de Groen,Rien van Haperen,Robert de Kler,Leo J. P. van den Broeke,J. P. Martin Trusler,Wiebren de Jong,Thijs J. H. Vlugt +8 more
TL;DR: A high pressure semicontinuous batch electrolyzer is used to convert CO2 to formic acid/formate on a tin-based cathode using bipolar membranes (BPMs) and cation exchange membranes (CEMs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement
TL;DR: Recent research and progress in the membrane selectivity improvement, mainly including a number of approaches as crosslinking, nanoparticle doping, surface modification, and the use of special synthetic methods (e.g., synthesis of grafted membranes or membranes with a fairly rigid three-dimensional matrix) are summarized.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a protocol for evaluating the activity, stability, and Faradaic efficiency of electrodeposited oxygen-evolving electrocatalysts for water oxidation.
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Efficient solar water splitting by enhanced charge separation in a bismuth vanadate-silicon tandem photoelectrode
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TL;DR: By combining this state-of-the-art photoanode with an earth-abundant cobalt phosphate water-oxidation catalyst and a double- or single-junction amorphous Si solar cell in a tandem configuration, stable short-circuit water-splitting photocurrents of ~4 and 3 mA cm(-2) are achieved under 1 sun illumination.
Book
CRC handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data
William M Haynes,David R. Lide +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Water Purification by Membranes: The Role of Polymer Science
Geoffrey M. Geise,Hae-Seung Lee,Daniel J. Miller,Benny D. Freeman,James E. McGrath,Donald R Paul +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the nature of the global water problem and reviewed the state of the art of membrane technology and identified existing deficiencies of current membranes and the opportunities to resolve them with innovative polymer chemistry and physics.
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