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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Ipilimumab and Its Toxicities: A Multidisciplinary Approach

TLDR
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are important to recognize early, and their presentation, timing of onset, and general recommendations for workup and management will be reviewed.
Abstract
The treatment for metastatic melanoma has evolved significantly in the past few years. Ipilimumab, an immunotherapy, is now in mainstream oncology practice given that it has shown improved overall survival in randomized clinical trials. Other immune modulating agents, such as programmed death receptor-1 and programmed death receptor ligand-1 antibodies, are showing promise in early clinical trials. This manuscript will review ipilimumab and its most common side effects. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are important to recognize early, and their presentation, timing of onset, and general recommendations for workup and management will be reviewed. Assembling a multidisciplinary team, as well as thorough education of the patient, is recommended to optimize patient care.

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Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome

TL;DR: A novel system to grade the severity of CRS in individual patients and a treatment algorithm for management of C RS based on severity is presented, to maximize the chance for therapeutic benefit from the immunotherapy while minimizing the risk for life threatening complications of the syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI

Combination cancer immunotherapies tailored to the tumour microenvironment.

TL;DR: The stratification of the tumours microenvironment according to tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in the tumour is discussed, and how this stratification enables the design of optimal combination cancer therapies tailored to target different tumour microenvironments.
Journal ArticleDOI

Treatment of the Immune-Related Adverse Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review.

TL;DR: The clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is expanding rapidly and oncology practitioners will be required to recognize and manage irAEs in a growing patient population and adherence to established algorithms is recommended.
Journal ArticleDOI

Toxicities of Immunotherapy for the Practitioner

TL;DR: The toxicities that are unique to immunotherapies are summarized, emphasizing the need to familiarize the oncology practitioner with the spectrum of adverse events seen with newly approved and emerging modalities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Cancer statistics, 2012

TL;DR: The reduction in overall cancer death rates since 1990 in men and 1991 in women translates to the avoidance of about 1,024,400 deaths from cancer, which can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population, with an emphasis on those groups in the lowest socioeconomic bracket.
Journal ArticleDOI

Final Version of 2009 AJCC Melanoma Staging and Classification

TL;DR: Revised melanoma staging system has been made that reflect the improved understanding of this disease and will be formally incorporated into the seventh edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and implemented by early 2010.
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