Journal ArticleDOI
Large offspring syndrome in cattle and sheep.
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TLDR
Four different situations have been identified that result in the large offspring syndrome: in vitro embryo culture, asynchronous embryo transfer into an advanced uterine environment, nuclear transfer and maternal exposure to excessively high urea diets.Abstract:
Bovine and ovine embryos exposed to a variety of unusual environments prior to the blastocyst stage have resulted in the development of unusually large offspring which can also exhibit a number of organ defects. In these animals, the increased incidence of difficult parturition and of fetal and neonatal losses has limited the large-scale use of in vitro embryo production technologies commonly used in humans and other species. Four different situations have been identified that result in the syndrome: in vitro embryo culture, asynchronous embryo transfer into an advanced uterine environment, nuclear transfer and maternal exposure to excessively high urea diets. However, programming of the syndrome by all of these situations is unpredictable and not all of the symptoms described have been observed universally. Neither the environmental factors inducing the large offspring syndrome nor the mechanisms of perturbation occurring in the early embryo and manifesting themselves in the fetus have been identified.read more
Citations
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Fetal abnormalities produced after preimplantation exposure of mouse embryos to ammonium chloride
TL;DR: The conclusion that abnormal preimplantation culture conditions can cause fetal abnormalities in mice is supported, but the risks may be lower than previously suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Promoting effect of amino acids added to a chemically defined medium on blastocyst formation and blastomere proliferation of bovine embryos cultured in vitro.
TL;DR: Either single or combined addition of asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine and isoleucine stimulatedblastocyst formation, while other amino acids might be necessary for further stimulating blastomere proliferation and blastocyst hatching.
Journal ArticleDOI
mRNA Levels of Imprinted Genes in Bovine In Vivo Oocytes, Embryos and Cross Species Comparisons with Humans, Mice and Pigs.
Zongliang Jiang,Dong Hong,Zheng Xinbao,Sadie L. Marjani,David M. Donovan,Jingbo Chen,Xiuchun Cindy Tian +6 more
TL;DR: The data presented here provide a solid reference for expression profiles of imprinted genes in embryos produced using assisted reproductive biotechnologies and compared these genes to their counterparts in mice, humans and pigs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pregnancy rates and gravid uterine parameters in single, twin and triplet pregnancies in naturally bred ewes and ewes after transfer of in vitro produced embryos.
Anna T. Grazul-Bilska,Disha Pant,J. S. Luther,Pawel P. Borowicz,Chainarong Navanukraw,Joel S. Caton,Marcy A. Ward,Dale A. Redmer,Lawrence P. Reynolds +8 more
TL;DR: The pregnancy rates after transfer of embryos produced in the presence or absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) during in vitro maturation were evaluated and several variables of the gravid uterus on day 140 after fertilization in single, twin and triplet pregnancies in ewes bred naturally and after ET were compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning and transgenesis in mammals: implications for xenotransplantation.
Jorge A. Piedrahita,Bashir Mir +1 more
TL;DR: Advances in transgenic manipulation and cloning in swine are reviewed and how the development of these two technologies is critical to the eventual utilization of the pig as a human organ donor.
References
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Differential Display of Eukaryotic Messenger RNA by Means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Peng Liang,Arthur B. Pardee +1 more
TL;DR: A method to separate and clone individual messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by means of the polymerase chain reaction using a set of oligonucleotide primers, one being anchored to the polyadenylate tail of a subset of mRNAs, the other being short and arbitrary in sequence so that it anneals at different positions relative to the first primer.
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Enhanced rates of cleavage and development for sheep zygotes cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro in the absence of serum and somatic cells: amino acids, vitamins, and culturing embryos in groups stimulate development.
TL;DR: Investigation of sheep zygote development of amino acids, ammonium, vitamins, and culture of embryos in groups in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium supplemented with BSA found indirect evidence that ruminant embryos utilize amino acids to a greater extent than do rodent embryos.
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Lamb birth weight is affected by culture system utilized during in vitro pre-elongation development of ovine embryos.
TL;DR: The data suggest that different culture conditions can produce embryos with differing morphology, apparent chemical composition, and rate of development, resulting in lambs with differing gestation length and birth weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methylation and imprinting: why bother?
TL;DR: It is proposed that DNA methylation is only important for the somatic lineages, but has no role in embryonic lineages including the germ line, suggesting imprinting having no intrinsic role in mammalian development.
Journal ArticleDOI
The production of unusually large offspring following embryo manipulation: Concepts and challenges
TL;DR: The production of large offspring after embryo manipulation casts new perspectives on the roles of reproductive technology in both livestock and human reproduction and an understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms should lead to improved procedures for the handling and manipulation of embryos.